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Chap 9
Mechanisms and Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trauma
22
Fitness
01/25/2011
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Term
Trauma
 Definition
Physical Injury or wound, produced by internal or external force
Term
Mechanism of Injury
 Definition
results from force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter.
Term
Load
 Definition
external force acting on the body causing internal reactions within the tissues
Term
Stiffness
 Definition
Ability of a tissue to resist a load
Term
Stress
 Definition
Internal resistance to a load
Term
Strain
 Definition
Internal change in tissue resulting in deformation
Term

Yield Point

 Definition
Point at which elasticity is almost exceeded is the yield point. When yield point is far exceeded mechanical failure occurs resulting in damage.
Term
Tension
 Definition
force that pulls and stretches tissue
Term
Compression
 Definition
force that results in tissue crush- two forces applied towards one another.
Term
Shearing 
 Definition
Force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue.
Term
Torsion
 Definition
Loads caused by twisting in opposite directions
Term
Traumatic Injuries
 Definition
Direct blow or acute 
Term
Overuse Injuries
 Definition
Chronic, repetitive dynamic use over time
Term
Muscle Strain
 Definition
stretch, tear or rip to mucle
Term
Muscle Cramps
 Definition
Painful involuntary skeletal muscle
Term
Muscle Guarding
 Definition
Involuntary muscle contraction in response to pain following injury.
Term
Muscle Spasms
 Definition
A reflex reaction caused by trauma
Term
Muscle Spasms: Clonic
 Definition
Alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession.
Term
Muscle Spasms: Tonic
 Definition
Rigid contraction that lasts a period of time.
Term
Muscle soreness
 Definition
pain caused by overexertion in exercise
Term
DOMS
 Definition
Delayed-onset muscle soreness
Term
 Definition