female gametangia

produces eggs

male gametangia

Sperm produced

This is contained in some cell walls

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

lack in vascular tissues

tend to be small and live in environments with lots of water and have no roots or spores

consist of ferns, club mosses, whisk ferns, and horsetails

are divided into

gymnosperms: conifers, Gingko, Ephedra, and cycads  

and

angiosperms: the flowering plants

the life cycle seen in some algae and all plants.

there is an alternation between a diploid phase and a haploid phase.

They produce spores

the spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid organism; Gametophyte

FERTILIZATION

produces a diploid zygote

zygote can divide by mitosis to produce a diploid organism, the sporophyte

seedless non vascular seed plant 

reproduce asexually by producing gemmae

in damp places in forests or near water

They have very small leaves that turn brown, so photosynthesis takes place in the stems. The stems are jointed and have deposits of silica in their epidermis.

Peat mosses

member ot the genus Sphagnum

important role in the Earth's Carbon cycle

good for retaining moisture and prevents decomposition

have neither leaves nor true roots

tips of the branches terminate in yellow sporangia

found in tropical regions, including Texas

the second most abundant plant that grows on earth

A structure that prevents gametes from drying out

develop into female gametophyte

produce pollen