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| the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
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| the level of classification that comes after family and that contains similar species |
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| a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name |
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| the evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group |
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| a phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa |
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| extremely small, single-celled organisms that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division (singular, bacterium) |
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| prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the make-up of their cell wall; members of the domain Archaea (singular, archaeon) |
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| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include protists, animals, plants, and fungi but not archaea or bacteria |
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