Term
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Definition
This is the right to vote. In the election of 1824, universal
mall suffrage spread meaning nearly all white males could vote. Women,
Natives, and Africans (sometimes even free) still couldn't vote. As
suffrage increased, popular attitudes changed that spelled the end of
the dominance of small political elites. |
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Term
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Definition
Marked the end of the era of Good Feeling. 5
candidates, all Republican party, ran for president. William H.
Crawford of Georgia, John Quincy Adams of MA, Henry Clay of KY, Andrew
Jackson of Tennessee, and John C. Calhoun of SC(who withdrew before
election to run for VP). John Quincy Adams and Jackson didn't have
electoral majority so the House of Representatives chose Adams. |
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Term
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Definition
Adams named Clay his secretary of state and Jacksons
supporters thought it was a corrupt bargain because Clay was speaker of
the house and urged the House of Representatives to choose Adams for
president, which they did. Occurred in election of 1824. |
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Term
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Definition
first election to demonstrate the power and
effectiveness of the new popular democratic culture and party system.
Andrew Jackson, democrat, won. Opposed Adam's party, National
Republican.Voter turnout greater than twice as much that in 1824.
Democrats were first to create and maintain coalition in north, south,
and west, so it was truly national. |
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Term
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Definition
previously known as republicans. Spoke the language of
democracy and opposed the special=2
0privilege personified for them by
Adams and his National Republican Party.Democrats were first to create
and maintain coalition in north, south, and west, so it was truly
national. Political Party formed in the 1820s under the leadership of
Andrew Jackson; favored states' rights and a limited role for the
federal gvmt |
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Term
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Definition
jackson's victory was achieved by a coalition in
election of 1828. The new democratically based organizations-richmond
and nashville juntos, the albany and concord regencies, with help from
calhoun's organization in South Carolina-worked together to elect him. |
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Term
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Definition
elected in 1828; previous war hero in battle of new
orleans; election ushered in “Age of Common Man”. Rich slave owner and
an imperious and decidedly democratic personality. First to respond to
ways in which westward expansion and extension of suffrage were
changing politics at the national as well a state and local levels. |
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Term
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Definition
Van Buren's allies in NY. By 1819, van buren had gathered
together enough other disgruntled Jeffersonian Republicans to form
Bucktail faction and challenge Clinton. 1821-Bucktail victory; created
new kind of political community |
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Term
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Definition
informal practice where a political party, after winning
an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for
working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the
party |
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Term
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Definition
nationalist and expansionist in early da
ys as war hawk.
Identified with southern interests, incl. slavery. |
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Term
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Definition
senator of MA; outstanding orator; spokesman for
northern interests, supporting high protective tariff, national bank,
and strong fed gvmt. |
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Term
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Definition
spokesman of West; eager to forge political compromises.
Speaker of House 1811-1825 and later served in senate. Promoted
american system. Jackson was his rival.
Martin van Buren-simple man; bucktails was his supporters; beat clinton
in NY. Became mahjor architect of new democratic policies of mass
participation called second american party system-created national
political parties for first time in amer. History. Secretery of state
for jackson who he didn't ignore |
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Term
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Definition
made up of van buren and jackson's old western friends.
Didn't include calhoun, VP, or either other sectional rep, clay and
webster. |
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Term
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Definition
secretary of war for jackson. When he married a pretty
women with bad rep, jackson transgressed the social code of time.
Respectable ladies of washington shunned her. Jackson, remembering
slanders against his own wife, defended peggy eaton. Urged his cabinet
members to force wives to call on her. Drove wedge between jackson and
calhoun, whose wife was leader of anti-eaton group. Wanted to change
washington politics, this helped him do that |
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Term
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Definition
used this more frequently than all previous presidents
combined. Freely used this tool of his office to strengthen the
executiv
e branch of gvmt at expense of judiciary & legislature, Jackson
forced congress to listen to his opinions. His negative activism
restricted fed activity, in sharp contrast to nationalizing tendencies
of previous gvmts |
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Term
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Definition
jacksons supporters expected him to recognize
nations need for better transportation and to provide fed funding for
internal improvements, especially in west. Jackson vetoed maysville
road bill of 1830 and it was unexpected of him. Claimed funding should
be by state. Fed funding he felt was unconstitutional for
transportation. Also, by vetoing he defeated measure of american system
by his rival, clay. |
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Term
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Definition
the Supreme Court ruled that the Necessary and
Proper Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
Chief Justice John Marshall, in his opinion for the Court, supported a
loose construction of the Constitution. He wrote that the Constitution,
unlike a legal code, contained the broad outlines of government power,
not every small detail |
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Term
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Definition
a route from Cumberland, Maryland through Illinois, one
of the major thoroughfares for immigrants and manufactured goods during
the first half of the 19th century. In addition to being called the
Cumberland Road, this was also referred to as U.S. Route 40 and
Washington Street |
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Term
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Definition
a canal connecting New York City with Buffalo along Lake
Erie, completed in 1
825. The canal opened new markets from New York
City to Albany, and Albany to Buffalo. |
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Term
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Definition
was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision.
It was the first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law
unconstitutional, John Peck had purchased land that had previously been
sold under the 1795 act. Peck sold this land to Robert Fletcher and in
1803, Fletcher brought suit against Peck, claiming that he did not have
clear title to the land when he sold it |
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Term
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Definition
The first Supreme Court case to deal with the
Commerce Clause involved the power of states to grant monopolies over
steamboat navigation in their waterways, hief Justice John Marshall
defined the commerce power broadly to include transportation, rather
than limiting it to buying and selling, and struck down New York’s
monopoly for steamboats. This ruling increased the power of Congress to
regulate interstate commerce and create a national economy |
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Term
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward |
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Definition
United States Supreme Court case dealing
with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States
Constitution to private corporations. The case arose when the president
of Dartmouth College was deposed by its trustees, leading to the New
Hampshire legislature attempting to force the College to become a
public institution and thereby place the ability to appoint trustees in
the hands of the governor |
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Term
| Charles River Bridge v. Warren |
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Definition
case heard by the United States Supreme
Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. The case
settled a dispute over the constitutional clause regarding obligation
of contract.
In 1785, the Charles River Bridge Company had been granted a charter to
construct a bridge over the Charles River connecting Boston and
Charlestown. When the Commonwealth of Massachusetts sanctioned another
company to build the Warren Bridge, which would be very close in
proximity to the first bridge and would connect the same two cities,
the proprietors of the Charles River Bridge claimed that the
Massachusetts legislature had broken its contract with the Charles
River Bridge Company, and thus the contract had been violated |
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Term
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Definition
invented a steel plow in 1837 that cut plowing time in
half, which made cultivation of larger acreages possible |
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Term
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Definition
invented a reaper in 1834 that was horse drawn and
could cut twelve acres of wheat in one day compared to the previous two
to three acres cut by a cradle scythe |
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Term
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Definition
A major political party between 1834 and the 1850s, unified by
their opposition to Andrew Jackson and their support for federal
policies to aid business
Tariff of Abominations: passed by Jackson’s supporters in Congress in
order to increase northern support for him in the presidential
campaign, imposed high tariffs on imported textiles and iron
, southern
opponents believed it was unconstitutional because it violated the
rights of some states |
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Term
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Definition
the right of a state to declare a federal law null and
void and to refuse to enforce it within the state |
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Term
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Definition
authorized the federal government to collect the tariff in
South Carolina at gunpoint if necessary |
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Term
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Definition
refers to the political philosophy of United
States President Andrew Jackson and his supporters, characterized by
greater political participation for the common man |
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Term
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Definition
revision of the Tariff of 1828 (Abominations) by
the request of Jackson, act would return to the tariff rate in 1816 by
small annual decreases for 9 years and then a large cut the final year |
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Term
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Definition
| Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, Seminoles |
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Term
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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Definition
Motion for an injunction to prevent the
execution of certain acts of the Legislature of the State of Georgia in
the territory of the Cherokee Nation, on behalf of the Cherokee Nation,
they claiming to proceed in the Supreme Court of the United States as a
foreign state against the State of Georgia under the provision of the
Constitution of the United States which gives to the Court jurisdiction
in controversies in which a State of the United States or the citizens
thereof, and a foreign state, citizens, or subjects thereof are parties |
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Term
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Definition
case in which the United States Sup
reme Court
held that Cherokee Native Americans were entitled to federal protection
from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the
tribe's sovereignty. It is considered one of the most influential
decisions in law dealing with Native Americans |
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Term
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Definition
appropriated funds for relocation of the 5
civilized tribes by force if necessary |
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Term
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Definition
In 1835, federal agents persuaded a pro-removal
Cherokee chief to sign the Treaty of New Echota, which ceded all
Cherokee land for $5.6 million and free transportation west. Most
Cherokees rejected the treaty, but resistance was futile. Between 1835
and 1838 bands of Cherokee Indians moved west of the Mississippi along
the so-called Trail of Tears. Between 2,000 and 4,000 of the 16,000
migrating Cherokees died. The Trail of Tears became a symbol for the
harsh treatment of the Indians at the hands of the federal government. |
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Term
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Definition
This conflict was the last armed resistance in the
Midwest to cause federal removal of the eastern Indians beyond the
Mississippi River. It resulted from a disputed 1804 treaty signed by a
few Sauks unauthorized to take such action. Though the tribe disavowed
the treaty, federal officials acted upon it, opening lands in Illinois
for settlement. |
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Term
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Definition
founded after the War of 1812 when it was realized
that without a national bank (the charter on the first bank was allowed
to lapse) it20would be impossible to fund another war such as the one
just fought. |
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Term
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Definition
name given to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second
Bank of the United States during the early years of his presidency. Its
president, Nicholas Biddle, exercised vast influence in the nation's
financial affairs. |
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Term
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Definition
Although never a major party, it was the first
third party to run a candidate in a presidential election and the first
to specify its aims in a detailed party platform. The Anti-Masonic
Party’s primary objective was to end the Freemasonry movement, a secret
society with religious overtones found throughout the United States.
The party tried to capitalize on the public’s fear of conspiracies and
secret societies at the time. |
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Term
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Definition
Jackson's closest ally and confident through his
Presidency, and eventual Vice President during Jackson's second term.
Van Buren's bid to be minister to Britain was voted down as part of the
Nullification Crisis. Jackson later endorsed him for President in 1836
and Van Buren won easily. |
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Term
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Definition
a panic in the United States built on a speculative
fever. The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every
bank stopped payment in specie (gold and silver coinage). The Panic was
followed by a five-year depression, with the failure of banks and
record high unemployment levels. |
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Term
| Second American Party System |
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Definition
the political
system existing in the
United States from about 1828 to 1854. The system was characterized by
rapidly rising levels of voter interest beginning in 1828, as
demonstrated by election day turnout, rallies, partisan newspapers, and
a high degree of personal loyalty to party. |
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Term
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Definition
Tyler became President of the United States in 1841, when
William Henry Harrison died after a month in office. Tyler and his
secretary of state, John Calhoun, a fierce advocate for slavery, tried
by dishonest and manipulative means to gain support for the annexation
of Texas. The treaty they presented to the Senate for annexation was
voted down, but the issue of annexation had risen to the fore of
American politics. |
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