Details Title: Chalcolithic-Late Bronze Age Description: Test two Total Flash Cards: 120 Created: 04/06/2009 21:26:53		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Archaeology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Ghassulian Culture Definition Type site chalcolithic densely populated Term Wadi (arabic) Nahul (Hebrew) Definition Dry river bed Term Golan Culture Definition broad houses chalcolithic particular- House Gods (long nose, ears like poles, no mouth and strange eyes) Term Basalt Stone Vessel Industry Definition Very Fine etchings sat on a fenestration-pedestal bowl Golan culture Term Troglodytes Definition People who lived underground bir matar, bir safadi Beer Sheva Culture Term Venus of Beer Sheva Definition holds in stomach, nipples for pubic hair Beer sheva chalcolithic Term Woman with churn Definition Gilat appears crying- naked- emphasis on female genitals chalcolithic Term Ram carrying cornets Definition male counterpart to woman with churn chalcolithic Term Ossuary Definition bone box chalcolithic found along costs made of ceramic- secondary buriel Term stone ossuaries Definition ben shemen 2 large stone ossuaries with multiple buriels Term Cave of treasure Definition nahal mishmar over 465 artifacts lost wax technique recovered here Term Chalcolithic temple Definition where treasure of mishmar thought to have come from perhaps moved for safe keeping ein gedi chalcolithic Term Early Bronze Age Definition Ebla Egypt : lower (north) upper (south) archaic period, old kingdom Term Archaic period old kingdom Definition dynasties 1,2 dynasties 3-6 Term EBI names Definition Late chalcolithic period proto-urban period Term Changes in EBI Definition emphasis on agriculture wine and figs cultivated curvilinear architecture Term EBI buriels Definition Shaft tomb-phase 1 charnel houses- phase 2 nawamis Term Pottery of EBI Definition gray burnished ware red burnished ware line-painted pottery teapots- Mesopotamian influence omphalos bowls Term Most important site of EBI and why Definition Tel erani found Sherd w/ Serekh of Narmar (first pharoh) Term Narmer's cosmetic palette Definition considered earliest document ever Term kites Definition rushes animals into hole to capture (herding animals into a trap) Term EBII-III Definition first great period of Urbanization Main sites : Arad, Bab edh Dhra, Numeira Term Sheikh Muhsein Definition mining of Turquoise sekhemhet wall relief- wadi magharah Term Connections with Sinai EBII-III Definition trading occurred, copper industry set up with small cities from Sinai all through palestine to arad Term Yarmuth, glacis Definition architecture from EBII-III Yarmuth- giant wall fortification Glacis- bottom of fortificatoin walls- sloping ramp Term Arad importance Definition nothing built on top of site arad house=broad house Term Arad House Definition broad house raised roofs to capture water entrance uses timbers like ossuary structures Term Temples found at megiddo Definition Big sacrificial alter believed in Triad - 1 male/wife/son Term Granery at Bei Yerah Definition house of moon god 9 silos of grain Term Ein Ziq Dwellings Definition round with single chamber and organized in clusters Term Urban sites in Jordan Definition retained EBIII culture/traditions more than any other sites Term Large handles hallmark of what era Definition EB jars often had large handles Term Metallic ware Definition ceramic named for the sound it makes when flicked Term Khirbet kerak ware Definition EBIII highly burnished red base with red spilling over narrow bases, molded decorations Term Kfar Monash Hoard Definition biggest collection of metal objects found mostly arrowheads, spears, chisels etc found in field with no stratigraphy Term Epsilon shaped axe Definition found in Kfar Monash hoard peg at center so axe doesnt get stuck in body Term The living and Dying god Definition arad EBII-III similar to sumerian Dumuzi God Term Cylinder Seal impressions Definition first time an object from a diff. culture is used for something besides its original purpose from mesopotamia Term EB II-III buriels Definition Bab ed drah- charnel buriel houses serve as multiple buriels Term Collapse of EBII-III Definition Egyptian attacks-uni's attack at the antelopes nose Amorites Environment considerations overpopulation combination of the above Term Connections to the bible in EBII-III Definition Ebla- reference to 5 cities of plains Sodom Gomorrah Admeah Zebolah Term Etological explanation of EBII-III Definition "rephaim" (giants) may be explained by a reaction to huge walls Like the greek Cyclopean walls Term Beer Resisism Definition Negev- pop estimated at 75 EBIV/MBI Term Har Tsuyad architechture Definition small rounded structures Term transhumance Definition move from high to low based on time of year with flocks Term Buriel customs of EBIV/MBI Definition megalithic dolmens (big stone)- buriel cysts made with big stones shaft tombs can be vast tumuli placed among houses Term tumulus (tumuli) Definition stone structures used for temp buriel until moved found around houses Term Eye axes Definition common in EBIV/MBI Term Beni Hassan Definition seminite nomads arrive in Egypt Metal smiths carrying bellas Term Ain Samiya Goblet Definition single most important find of time period EBIV/MBI size of shot glass goblet describes figures from Enuma Elish story Term Ain Samiya Goblet Definition single most important find of time period EBIV/MBI size of shot glass goblet describes figures from Enuma Elish story Term Most important find of EBIV/MBI Definition Ain Samiya Goblet Term Antelopes Nose Definition Geographic reference to Uni's record- bay of hypha Term Tiamat, Apsu, Mummu, Ea, Marduk are all from what? Definition Elish Enuma marduk is hero Term Northern Pottery group Definition EBIV/MBI folded form known as "envelope shaped" tend to be globular squat globular jars with pinched mouth Term Transjordanian pottery group Definition EBIV/MBI sedentary sites east of dead sea shapes and decor close to EBIII traditions burnished red slip Term Southern pottery group Definition EBIV/MBI light buff clay lack red slip or painted decor flat bowls, amphoriskoi, teapots Term possible main groups of people from EBIV/MBI Definition Amurru (sumerian) = amorites West Semitic Hebrew Patriarchs "torque-bearers" Autochthonous pastoral nomads Term MBIIA Definition equivalent to Egypts 12th dynasty coastal settlements Canaanites origin of culture Term Gates of MBIIA Definition Acre, Megiddo both different in style so not uniform yet Term Source of tin MBIIA Definition Mari texts say Canaanites traded for tin in Mari and tin probably originated from east (Afghanistan) Term Duck Billed Axe Definition MBIIA can cut through armor has similar peg from epsilon axe Term Egypt in MBII B-C Definition low point, Canaanites conquer part of Egypt Hyksos rule Term Hyksos Definition foreign rulers MBIIB-C rule from Avaris as capital in Egypt Term Hurrians Definition Mitanni was the land of the Hurrian peoples Term Largest/most important site of MBIIB-C Definition Hazor- shows first concept of lower/upper city in Egypt Term free standing ramparts Definition MBIIB-C Term Glacis Definition bottom of fortification walls- sloping ramp Term Terre Pissee Definition pressed down earth (layers/levels forms of early engineering) Term Tel Gerisa Definition Bricks covering glacis shapes of tel were mostly result of fortification Term City Gates Definition MBIIB-C uniform plan/style now appears more rectangular gates Term Arched Gates Definition 2 sites invented archway Tel Dan, Tel Ashkelon Term Cultic center at Gezer Definition large open cultic center at Gezer MBIIB-C Term Pottery of MBIIB-C Definition carinated (has angles) and shapes resemble metallic shapes Term Tel El Yehudiah Ware Definition MBIIB-C stamped holes into pottery when wet, then smashed lime into it to have little white dots for decor Term Bi Chromeware Definition two colored red and black MBIIB-C Term New axes of MBIIB-C Definition very narrow now Term Metal Figurines Definition MBIIB-C appear now instead of clay/ceramic Term Sheet gold figurines Definition MBIIB-C female figurines on hammered gold to make sheet gold figurines found at Gezer Term Price of slaves MBIIB-C Definition done in silver does not greatly vary with time during this period Term Writing in MBIIB-C Definition Akkadian and Proto-Canaanite Term Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele) Definition campaign of canaanites- mention conquest of cities and mentions Israel by name- first and ONLY time "Israel" (as name of tribe) appears in Egyptian sources Term Gezer artificial slope Definition MBIIB-C created artificial slope from debris, limestone, and layers of chalk chips Term Hittites Vs Ramses Definition Battle of Kadesh LBA Term Amenhotep III Definition expels Hyskos- creates new Cultic religion with the center being Amun-Ra, the sun was Aten a minor facto to Amun-ra polytheism Term Amenhotep IV Definition disputes with priests of Amun-Ra so he tried to change Egypt to a monotheistic God- aten the universal diety that was once the solar disc (sun) god a minor god to Amun-Ra Term treaties and covenants Definition see appearance of these in MBIIB-C clear patterns arise beginning, middle, end some have intros with information on the ruler, his accomplishments etc Term Habiru & Shasu Definition LBA Shasu-egyptian term- semi nomadic Invaders Term Ramses Son Definition Merneptaph LBA Term Deterioroation of Canaanite Culture Definition egyptian competition invasions other rivalries Term Ugarit Definition Highly literate group LBA considered most important part of Canaanite culture Language was a canaanite dialect some scrips written in Ugarit and akkadian Term settlement pattern of LBA Definition lacked fortifications hill country (sumerian) Term Fortifications of LBA Definition Most sites contain no (or no newly built) fortifications megiddo has gate but lacks defensive wall Term Temples of LBA Definition Fosse Temple, Lachish- Best example of temples many ivories found** 3 temples built on eachother Term Pottery and international trade of LBA Definition Distinctive Red/Black (bi chromeware) many influences on pottery showing Canaanite and cyprusian Term LBA Art Definition carved ivories Megiddo ivories (over 300) lachish ivories Common artistic medium but no traditional style ivory plaque, megiddo Term Metallurgy of LBA Definition Copper mining at Timma sickle sword daggers cast with hilt Term Timma Definition mining in the LBA Egyptian temple found there, with inscription of Ramses III Term Writing systems of LBA Definition canaanites use alphabet Ugaritic-unique to ugarit, 24 signs written on tablets Proto Canaanite- Canaan proper- one variation of alphabet Proto Sinaitic- found in Sinai- Egyptians worked with Canaanites Term Buriel Customs of LBA Definition built tomb w/ corbelled reef roofs Anthropoid coffins- egyptian couple buriels appear Term Buriel Customs of LBA Definition built tomb w/ corbelled reef roofs Anthropoid coffins- egyptian couple burials appear Term Battle of Megiddo Definition LBA took 7 mos to break into city Term Thutmose III's list Definition largest list of geographical history found at temple of Amun at Karnak Term Tell El Amarna Definition LBA Arman letters- written in Arcadamn (lingua franca) egyptian rule in Akhenaton Term Uluburun shipwreck Definition Uluburun means Great Cape oldest shipwreck mostly raw materials Term Ox Hide Ingot Definition LBA (head of an ox like -paintd on with orangish color) doesn't really resemble ox uluburun Term Bun ingots, tin ingots, glass ingots Definition Uluburun LBA Earliest datable Tin ingots in world bun ingots shaped as pillow ingots as well glass ingots show early trade of glass as a raw material Term Amhora Definition used to transport wine Large jug uluburun Term Pan-balance weights Definition Uluburun Canaanite- personal object, so could mean ship was canaanite merchant Term Thorny Burnet dunnage Definition plant used to pad cargo to protct it during voyage (like packing peanuts protect goods) uluburun Term Canaanite jars Definition Uluburun two handles, with narrow bottom suggest also canaanite trading ship Term Blackwood Definition egyptian ebony ties egypt into maritime trade Uluburun Term Cypriot pottery pithos Definition large storage jars Uluburun Term pistacia (terbinth) resin Definition pistachio tree resin- sometimes used for healing, or used to make turpentine Uluburun Term Faience drinking cups rhyton Definition decorated drinking cups often with shape of goats/rams head as design-rhyton is greek for drinking cup Uluburun Term Gold Neferetiti Scarab Definition Uluburun shows Egyptian connections in trade scarab means dung beetle-often symbol for rebirth Term Domed and Sphendonoid weights Definition syro-canaanite origins Uluburun Term Skeleton based construction Definition laid outline of ship first like a skeleton of wood or like a frame uluburun Term shell based ship construction Definition uluburun made outside f ship first (completely filled wood,) then added frame inside of shell to reinforce the shell Term Mortise and tenon joinery Definition pegs and nail like objects to hold pieces of ship together