It has 206 bones in total

It consists of bones (axial and appendicular), cartilages, ligaments and other connective tissues

Axial Skeleton

(80 bones)

- Bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column

-Form the longitudinal axis of the body

(126 bones)

-Includes the bones of the limbs, the pectoral and pelvic girdels that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Support

Storage of minerals

Blood cell production

Protection

Leverage

Flat bones

Sutural bones (wormian bones)

Long bones

Irregular bones (complex)

sesamoid bones

Short bones

Canal or meatus, large passageway

Process, projection or bump

Sinus, chamber within the bone

Foramen, small rounded passageway

Fissure, elongated cleft or gap

Osteocytes, mature cell

Osteoblasts, produce new bone matrix

Osteoprogenitor, ancestor (differentiate into osteoblasts)

Osteoclasts, remove and recycle matrix

Consists of parallel osteons

Organized concentric lamellae around central canal

Pituitary growth failure

Achondroplasia

Giantism

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

Acromegaly

Marfan syndrome

Increases bone diameter of existing bones. Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts that add bone matrix under periosteum

1. Chondrocytes enlarge(then die) and matrix ossifies
2. Blood vessels grow around the cartilage, and osteoblasts form to create a superficial layer of bone
3. Blood vessels penetrate central region
4. Remodeling occurs as growth continues
5. Capillaries and oteoblasts create secondary ossification centers
6. Epiphyses fill with spongy bone
7. Bone grows in length at epiphyseal cartilage

-Bone matrix, collagen fibers provide flexibility(~1/3 bone weigth)

-Calcium phosphate, provides strength(~2/3 bone weight)