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| Types of Animal Development |
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Definition
| Growth (in size)/Differentation (changes to form different types of cells) & Morphogenisis(appearance and form) |
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| the study of the growth of organisms |
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| the succession of rapid cell division after fertilization. The embryo does not enlarge, simply splits into seperate smaller cells called blastomeres (each has its own nucleus) |
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| Zygote divides 3 times into 8 celled embryo --> 8 celled embryo divides to form a Morula (16-64 cells) --> Morula divides into Blastula (128 cells) |
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| a cavity in the gastrula that develops into the gut. The open end is the blastopore which later becomes the anus. |
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| dramatic rearrangement of cells of the blastula. |
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| three layered embryo; positioning of the layers allows cells to interact with each other in new ways |
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| Blastocell forms into the |
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| 3 germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm) Humans are triploblastic |
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| Mollusks, annelids, arthropods - Mouth develops from the blastopore. The mesoderm forms splits to form coelom. |
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| Echinoderms, Chordates. - Mouth develops later, the blastopore is the anus. Folds of the archenteron from coelom. |
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Term
| Protostomes have what kind of cleavage? |
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Definition
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| Deuterostones have what kind of cleavage? |
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Definition
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| Cavity that holds organs. |
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Definition
| planes of cell division are diagnal to the vertical axis of the embryo. |
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Definition
| cleavage planes are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the egg. |
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Definition
| Occurs in protostomes, casts fate of embryo very early. |
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| Some developments occur later; makes identical twins possible; each cell produced by early cell divisions retains the right to develop into a complete embryo |
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Term
| Schizoceolous method of coelom formation |
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Definition
| Masses of mesorderm tissure split to form the coelomic cavities. |
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| Enterocoelus method of coelom formation |
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Definition
| Coelom has formation from out pouching of gut, mesoderm buds from walls of archenteron to form cavity. |
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Definition
| development of organ rudements from the 3 germ layers. begins with the formation of the neural tube, notochord, and somites. |
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| What are the first organs that begin to take shape in chordates? |
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Definition
| Neural tube and notochord. |
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Term
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Definition
| mesoderm that seperates into segments around the notochord, which forms the backbone and muscles associated with the axial skeleton. Chordates begin life segmented but this fades away after development. |
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| What becomes the central nervous system (brain and spinal chord)? |
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| What does the ectoderm give rise to? |
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Definition
| Epidermis, hair, nails, sweat glands, all nervous tissue, adrenal medulla, lining of mouth and rectum, cornia, lens of eye, tooth enamel, epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands |
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| what does the mesoderm give rise to? |
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Definition
| notochord, muscle, blood & blood vessels, connective tissue (bone and skeleton), kidneys, ureters (go to kidneys), reproductive organs, mesentaries (holds organs in place), lymphatic system, adrenal cortex, |
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Term
| what does the endoderm (entoderm) give rise to? |
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Definition
| lining of internal gut, thymus glands, linings of urethra and bladder, liver, pancreas, thyroid and parathyroids, epithelial lining of digestive tract, |
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Definition
| in the 1st trimester of gestation period. |
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Term
| When do lungs begin to function? |
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Definition
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| When does heart develop in gestation? |
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Definition
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| When does the brain develop in gestation? |
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Definition
| early in the 1st trimester |
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| development of external appearance |
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| eases morning sickenss when pregnant, but interferes with limb bud development in the 1st trimester, sometimes disrupting development of the arms and legs. |
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| What kind of fertilization do amphibians have? |
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Definition
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| Who was Hans Spiemann, and what did he do? |
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Definition
| Scientis in 1920s, studied regulation of embryo development. he said that the dorsal lip of the blastopore was the primary organizer of the embryo development. |
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| Membrane associated with gas exchange, also cushions embryo against shock. |
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| encloses the embryo in a fluid filled sac, protecting it from drying it out. |
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| Disposal sac, stores waste (uric acid), works with the chorion to transport oxygen to embryo. |
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| Egg layers. duckbilled platypus |
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| kangaroo/opossum - baby develops in pouch |
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Definition
| baby forms inside sac in the uterus |
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