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Ch. 47 Vocab
N/A
43
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2012

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Term
Activity tolerance
Definition
the type and amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform
Term
Antropometric measurements
Definition
measures of height, weight, and skinfold thickness
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
collapse of alveoli
Term
Bed rest
Definition
an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons
Term
Body alignment
Definition
individuals center of gravity is stable
Term
Body mechanics
Definition
the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Term
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
Definition
percussion and positioning
Term
Concentric tension
Definition
increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed
Term
Disuse osteoporosis
Definition
bone tissue is less dense or atrophied
Term
Eccentric tension
Definition
helps control the speed and direction of movement
Term
Embolus
Definition
a dislodged venous thrombus
Term
Exercise
Definition
physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, and maintaining fitness
Term
Footdrop
Definition
the foot is permanently fixed in the plantar flexion
Term
Friction
Definition
the force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Term
Gait
Definition
A particular manner or style of walking
Term
Gait belt
Definition
Term
Hemiparesis
Definition
one sided weakness
Term
Hemiplegia
Definition
one sided paralysis
Term
Hypostatic pneumonia
Definition
inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions
Term
Immobility
Definition
the inability to do so
Term
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL's)
Definition
activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting and include skills such as shopping, preparing meals, banking, and taking medications
Term
Isometric contraction
Definition
static contraction
Term
Isotonic contraction
Definition
necessary for active movement
Term
Joint contracture
Definition
an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of the joint
Term
Leverage
Definition
an inducing or compelling force and occurs when specific bones such as the humerus, ulna, and radius and the associated joint such as the elbow act together as a lever
Term
Logroll
Definition
Term
Mobility
Definition
Term
Muscle atrophy
Definition
lose of muscle tone
Term
Muscle tone
Definition
normal state of balanced muscle tension
Term
Negative nitrogen balance
Definition
excretes more nitrogen than it ingests
Term
Orthostatic hypotension
Definition
an increase in heart rate of more than 15% and drop of 15mm Hg or more in stystolic blood pressure or a drop of 10mm Hg or more in diastolic blood pressure when the patient changes from supine to standing position
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
Term
Pathological fractures
Definition
caused by weakened bone tissue
Term
Posture
Definition
the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space
Term
Pressure ulcer
Definition
an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues
Term
Range of motion (ROM)
Definition
the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the 3 planes of the body: sagittal, transverse, or frontal
Term
Renal calculi
Definition
calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis or pass through the ureters
Term
Shear
Definition
the force that exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
Term
Thrombus
Definition
an accumulation of platlets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery
Term
Trapeze bar
Definition
a triangular device that hangs down from a securely fastened overhead bar that is attached to the bed frame
Term
Trochanter roll
Definition
prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in the supine position
Term
Unossified
Definition
not hardened
Term
Urinary stasis
Definition
renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters
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