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Ch. 4 and 5 Biology
N/A
32
Biology
9th Grade
12/07/2011

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Term
population density
Definition
number of organisms per unit of living area
Term
dispersion
Definition
arrangement of a population in its environment
Term
density-independent factor
Definition
environmental factor such as storms, extreme heat, or cold, that affects populations regardless of their density
Term
density-dependent factor
Definition
environmental factor such as predation, disease, and competition that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area
Term
population growth rate
Definition
how fast a specific population grows
Term
emigration
Definition
movement of individuals away from a population
Term
immigration
Definition
movement of individuals into a population
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
the maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for a long term
Term
demography
Definition
the study of human populations based on size, density, movement, distribution, and birth and death rates
Term
demographic transition
Definition
population change from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates
Term
zero population growth
Definition
occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate
Term
age structure
Definition
in any population, the number of individuals in their pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post reproductive years
Term
extinction
Definition
entire species permanently disappear from the biosphere when the last member of the species dies
Term
biodiversity
Definition
the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species
Term
genetic diversity
Definition
the variety of genes or inheritable characteristics that are present in a population
Term
species diversity
Definition
the number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community
Term
ecosystem variety
Definition
the variety of ecosystems that are present in the biosphere
Term
background extinction
Definition
gradual process of a species becoming extinct
Term
mass extinction
Definition
a large scale dying out a large percentage of all living organisms in an area within a short time
Term
natural resource
Definition
any material or organism in the biosphere, including water,soil, fuel, and plants and animals
Term
overexploitation
Definition
overuse of species with economic value
Term
habitat fragmentation
Definition
habitat loss from separation of an ecosystem of an ecosystem small pieces of land
Term
edge effect
Definition
any different environmental condition occurring along an ecosystem's boundaries
Term
biological magnification
Definition
increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in food chains or food wens
Term
eutrophication
Definition
water pollution from nitrogen rich or phosphorous rich substance flowing into waterways, causing algae growth
Term
introduced species
Definition
nonnative species deliberately or accidentally introduced into a new habitat
Term
renewable resource
Definition
any natural resource replaced by natural processes more quickly than it is consumed
Term
nonrenewable resource
Definition
any natural resource available in limited amounts or replaced extremely slowly by natural resources
Term
sustainable use
Definition
use of resources at a rate that they can be replaced or recycled
Term
endemic
Definition
found only in a one specific geographic area
Term
bioremediation
Definition
technique using living organisms to detoxify a polluted area
Term
biological augmenation
Definition
technique of adding essential materials to a degraded ecosystem
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