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- Palette of narmer
- slate, palettes used to mix eye makeup
- Created to commemorate King Narmer's violent unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.
- Every image is designed to convey his invincible power. The beginning of Egyptian history.
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- Stepped pyramid of Djoser, ca. 2630-2611 BCE. Built by Imhotep. OLD KINGDOM
- A tomb, not a temple platform(ziggurat)
- Protect the kings’ mummy and possessions
- Symbol of wealth and power
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The first known use of columns. These are engaged-attached to the building.
The capital (tops of the columns) are shaped like lotus leaves symbols of Upper Egypt and the shafts are like papyrus stalks, symbols of Lower Egypt.
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- Great Pyramids,Gizeh.From top:Khufu, Khafre (son) Menkaure(grandson)
- Symbols of the sun with the sun’s rays the ramp the pharaoh uses to ascend to the heavens.
- OLD Kingdom
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- Great Sphinx, 4th Dynasty ca. 2520-2494 BCE.
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- Khafre enthroned
4th Dynasty, Gizeh
Ca. 2520-2494 BCE
Diorite
Purpose:Alternate dwelling place for the ka(life force) if the mummy should deteriorate too much
Found in his funerary temple, offerings of food and drink were made to it.
Form:
Designed to last for eternity
Carved from diorite, one of the hardest known stones
The body appendages are carved close to the torso and throne so that no parts could break off.
Designed to show power, authority. His body is erect, idealized and not natural.
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Menkaure and Khamerernebty
Gizeh, 4th Dynasty ca. 2490-2472 BCE
Classic pose for high ranking men in Egyptian art, striding forward, his left leg advance, arms rigid and by his side, with an idealized body type.
The queen has her arm around him in a gesture of intimacy and respect. Notice her foot is not as far forward.
An eternal substitute for the ka
Traces of paint remain, as most statures were painted, although some were left natural to enhance the sense of timelessness. |
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Seated scribe
4th Dynasty, ca. 2500 BCE
Painted limestone
Unlike the idealized representations of the ruling class, did not follow
the canon of appearance. A big belly and sagging muscles give a more natural appearance. |
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Statue of Ka-Aper, ca. 2450 BCE
Wood.
Ka-Aper was a lector priest, not a pharaoh.
Note the striding pose. |
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Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt.
Painted relief in the mastaba of Ti.
5th Dynasty, ca. 2450-2350 BCE.
Scenes of hunting, entertainment and agriculture were popular themes for tombs. Success in the hunt was a metaphor for triumph over the forces of evil.
Portraying the tomb’s owner performing activities from daily life was a way to create continuity and permanence
Canon of Egyptian art: rigid pose, composite view, proportion and scale. The animals, however, are naturalistic |
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Fragmentary head of Senusret III
Ca. 1860 BCE
Middle Kingdom rulers faced a number of difficult political and military challenges. Portraits of these pharaohs often reveal a sense of brooding anxiety. |
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| The Rosetta stone was a the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics. The top band was in hieroglyphics and the bottom was the same text in ancient Greek. Discovered in 1799. |
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Funerary temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, 18th dynasty, ca. 1473-1458 BCE. Designed by Senmut, her chancellor and advisor.
Such shrines provided the rulers with a place for worshipping their patron gods during their lifetimes and then served as temples in their own honor after their death. They were buried in tombs at a separate location in the Valley of the Kings. |
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Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE.
Statues are 65’ tall. It was carved from the living rock and took 20 years to complete. One statue was broken by earthquake. |
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| Temple of Nefertiti (Nefertari). Abu Simbel |
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| Model of the hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE. A hypostyle hall is one where columns support the roof. The different levels allow for a clerestory. |
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Senmut with Princess Nefrura, 18th dynasty, ca. 1470-1460 BCE
New Kingdom block statue. |
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Nebamun hunting birds, 18th Dynasty, ca.1400-1350 BCE.
Dry(secco) fresco is paint applied to dry plaster. Slower, but not as durable |
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Akhenaton (ruled 1353-1335 BCE)
Proclaimed the sun-disc god Aton the one true god.
Moved the capital from Thebes to Akhetaton (Amarna)
Changed the canon of Egyptian art (iconoclast) into a more fluid and sensual form.
His new Armana style emphasized naturalistic representations, refined sensuality, and unprecedented intimacy.
After the death of Akhenaton, the old religion was revived and Amen was restored as the primary god. Traditional artistic style was restored as well. Subsequent Egyptian rulers eradicated many traces of his religion and its expression in art. |
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| Akhenaton and Nefertiti worshipping Aton |
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Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters. Armana, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1353-1335 BCE.
Sunken relief. The Armana style also encouraged intimate scenes of the royal couple. |
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Tiye, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1353-1335 BCE
Akheanaton’s mother is portrayed in the Armana style |
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Nefertiti, by Thutmose, Armana,18th Dynasty, ca. 1353-1335 BCE
Elongated neck, heavy lids and full lips.
Her name means “the beautiful one is here.” |
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Tutankhamen, r. 1333-1323 BCE
A minor ruler who died at 18 , noteworthy for his intact tomb being discovered by Howard carter in 1922. |
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Temple of Horus, Edfu, ca. 237-47 BCE
Even after Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, the traditional schemes of temple architecture endured. |
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