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Ch. 3 & 4 Vocab
Ch. 3 & 4 Vocab
25
Science
8th Grade
02/28/2012

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Term
acceleration
Definition
rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by dividing the change in the velocity by the time it takes the change to occur
Term
air resistance
Definition
force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air
Term
average speed
Definition
total distance an object travels divided by the total time it takes to travel that distance
Term
balanced forces
Definition
forces on an object that combine to give a zero net force and do not change the motion of the object
Term
displacement
Definition
distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point
Term
force
Definition
a push or pull exerted on an object
Term
friction
Definition
a force that opposes the sliding motion between objects that are in contact
Term
instantaneous speed
Definition
speed of an object at a given point in time; is constant for an object moving with constant speed, and changes with time for an object that is slowing down or speeding up
Term
net force
Definition
sum of the forces that are acting on an object
Term
sliding friction
Definition
frictional force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other
Term
speed
Definition
distance an object travels per unit of time
Term
static friction
Definition
frictional force that prevents two surfaces from sliding past each other
Term
unbalanced forces
Definition
forces that combine to produce a net force that is not equal to zero and cause the velocity of an object to change.
Term
vector
Definition
a physical quantity that is specified by both a size and a direction
Term
velocity
Definition
the speed and direction of a moving object
Term
centripetal acceleration
Definition
acceleration of an object toward the center of a curved or circular path
Term
centripetal force
Definition
a net force that is directed toward the center of a curved or circular path
Term
first law of motion
Definition
states that if the net force on an object is zero, then an object at rest remains at rest, or, if the object is moving, it continues moving with constant velocity
Term
gravity
Definition
attractive force between two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them
Term
inertia
Definition
resistance of an object to a change in its motion
Term
law of conservation of momentum
Definition
states that if a group of objects exerts forces only on each other, then the total momentum of the objects doesn't change
Term
momentum
Definition
property of a moving object that equals its mass times its velocity
Term
second law of motion
Definition
states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that the acceleration equals the net force divided by the mass
Term
third law of motion
Definition
states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction
Term
weight
Definition
gravitational force exerted on an object
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