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| the right of unions to negotiate withe employers over wages and hours |
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| a modified version of the old capitalist system |
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| New Economic Policy (NEP) |
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| large prison camps where people who opposed the new regime were sent |
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| a picture made of a combination of photographs |
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| a movement that sought a reality beyond the material world and found it in the world of the unconscious |
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| all physical laws are based on uncertainty |
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| involving a complete mobilization of resources and people |
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| systems directed by government agencies |
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| a truce, an agreement to end the fighting |
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| to cover the costs of war |
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| a nation governed by another nation on behalf of league of nations |
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| The entry of which nation was a morale boost to the Allies? |
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| The Allies were unwilling to make peace with the imperial government; therefore, _______________ was forced out of Germany. |
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Term
| The Social Democrats created a democratic republic, and on Nov. 11, 1918 signed the ______________ |
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Term
| U.S President Woodrow Wilson outlined his peace settlement through.... |
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| Who became the "spokesperson for world order based on democracy and international coorperation"? |
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| The major goals of the French side of the peace settlement was.... |
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| The extremely harsh peace agreement signed on June 28, 1919 was... |
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| What forced Germany and Austria to accept full blame for the war, which Germany was most upset about? |
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Definition
| Article 231, War Guilt Clause |
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Term
| France took control of Lebanon and Syria, while Britain received _______________ called mandates. |
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| Why was Russia NOT prepared for the total war of WWI? |
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Definition
They had poor leaders
Czar Nicholas II had no military experience
Russian industry could not produce enough weapons
Soldiers were not trained properly |
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| In March 1917, working-class women in Petrograd began ______ to protest their conditions, the war, etc. |
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| The Duma assembled and organized a _____________ ________________ and asked the czar to step down from power. |
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| The ________ challenged the power of the provisional government and promoted radical socialist interests. |
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| Under Lenin's direction, the Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to ___________ revolution |
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| By the end of October, the Bolsheviks made up a small majority in Petrograd and Moscow and on November 6, stormed the _________ ____________. |
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Term
| The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the _______________ |
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Term
| Why did the communists emerge victorious in WWI? |
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Definition
Leon Trotsky maintained a well-trained army
Anti-communist forces were scattered and lacked unity/Communists were single minded
War Communism
Revolutionary terror
Russian patriotism |
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Term
| government control of banks, industries, food production, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| caused a stalemate and kept war from progressing |
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| Crisis in the _______________ created strong tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary |
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Definition
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Term
| What countries made up the Triple Alliance? |
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Definition
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
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Term
| What countries made up the Triple Entente? |
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Definition
| Britain, France, and Russia |
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Term
| the _________ were using labor unions, strikes, and violence to achieve their goals and many conservative leaders feared revolution |
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| On June 28, 1914 ______________ ____________ ________________, the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne was assassinated |
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Definition
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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| The Serbian terrorist group that conspired against the archduke was called the __________ _________ |
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| on the same day as the assassination of archduke francis ferdinand, Emperor ______________ declared war on Serbia with the "full support" of __________. |
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| On July 29, Czar Nicholas II ordered full _____________ of the Russian army |
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| in 1914, _____________ was considered an act of war |
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Definition
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| On August 1, 1914 Germany declared war on ____________ |
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Definition
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| The Germans implemented the ______________ _____________ which called for a two-front war against France and Russia. |
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Definition
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| On August 3, 1914 Germany declared war on _____________. |
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Term
| named after the American banker who chaired the commission; coordinated Germany's annual payments with its ability to pay |
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Term
| peace settlement had unwise provision that could serve as new causes for conflict; it did not maintain peace; U.S failed to join, most Americans didn't want to deal with European affairs |
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Definition
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Term
| U.S refused to ratify this, thus not letting them join League of Nations |
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| set up economic goals for five year periods |
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Term
| included job creation through public works projects, organizations, and administrations |
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Definition
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Term
| November 9, 1938; Nazis burned synagogues and destroyed 7,000 Jewish businesses; at least 100 Jews killed; 30,000 Jewish males sent to concentration camps |
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Definition
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Term
| systems in which private farms were eliminated |
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| attacked socialist offices and newspapers; used violence to break up strikes |
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Definition
| Squadristi or Blackshirts |
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Term
| published "General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" in 1936 |
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| took control of Nazi party; became a powerful dictator |
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| established 1st european fascist movement in Italy; began as a socialist, and condemned communism; created a new political group: Fascio di Combattinento (League of Combat) |
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| general secretary in 1924; by 1929 he had eliminated from Pultiburo the Bolshevicks and established a powerful dictatorship |
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| president of the U.S during Great Depression; believed in free enterprise; realized capitalism had to be reformed if it was to be saved |
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| created a special film division in his Propaganda Ministry for Nazis |
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| German writer who dealt with the unconsciousness of Literature |
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| led spanish military forces that revolted against the democratic government in 1936 |
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| published the most famous example of "stream of consciousness" in the novel Ulysses |
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| How did Benito Mussolin gain the support of the Catholic church? |
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Definition
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| Serbian terrorist group that assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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Definition
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| Russian councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers |
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Definition
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| small faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party and led by Vladimir Lenin |
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Definition
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| One major reason that brought U.S into WWI |
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Definition
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Term
| officially ended Russia's participation in the war and forced Russia to give up territory |
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Definition
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| Siberian peasant who influenced Czar Nicholas II's wife, Alexandra |
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Definition
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Term
| Wearing the other side down with constant attack and heavy loss |
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Definition
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Term
| ideas that influenced public opinion for or against a cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottomans, were called |
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Definition
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Term
| Head of the Petrograd soviet, and later, commissar of war |
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Definition
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Term
| The Western Front was mainly characterized by... |
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Definition
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Term
| WWI was a _________, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people |
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Definition
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Term
| Germany's plan for a two-front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance |
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Definition
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Term
| The German advance was halted at.... |
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Definition
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Term
All of he following were effects of total war, EXCEPT:
a-strengthening traditonal values of the home
b-increased government powers
c-manipulation of public opinion
d-women were required to take on new roles |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________ of ______________ was a world organization created out of the Paris Peace Conference |
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Term
| Germany's violation of __________ neutrality brought Great Britain into the war |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is the aggressive preparation for war, specifically growing armies |
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Definition
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Term
| The Secret Red Police called __________ began a Red Terror campaign in Russia. |
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Definition
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| in 1914, ________ of a nations army was considered an act of war |
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| reduced German reparations payments and provided $200 million to rebuild Germany |
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| Surrealist painter who pained everyday objects but separated them from their normal contexts |
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| the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party |
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Definition
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| Excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and German citizens |
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Definition
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| Mussolini's bands of black-shirted, armed Fascists |
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| Guaranteed Germany's new borders with Belgium and France |
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| author of Siddhartha and Steppenwolf |
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Definition
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| Term misused by Hitler to name his "master race" |
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| glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictator |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are ideas outlined in Hitler's Mein Kampf EXCEPT:
a-socialism
b-anti-semitism
c-lebensraum
d-nationalism |
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Definition
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Term
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to establish a totalitarian state by....
a-abolishing the office of president and declaring Hitler sole fuhrer
b-giving the Reichstag the power to ignore the constitution for two years
c-dissolving the trade unions and working class
d-establishing work camps for hose that opposed the regime |
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Definition
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Term
| John Maynard Keynes argued that unemployment a-was a symptom of socialism b-was important for the long-term viability of the economy c-did not come from overproduction, but lack of demand d-came from government intervention in the economy |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the purpose of Stalin's Five-Year Plans? |
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Definition
| to transform the USSR from an agricultural to an industrial economy |
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Term
| Joseph Goebbels was the __________ minister for Nazi Germany. |
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Definition
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Term
| The National Socialist Workers Party was also called the ________ party. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ ___________ was Franklin D. Roosevelt's policy of government intervention in the U.S economy. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____________ state aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___________ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Kristallnacht mean? |
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Definition
| "night of the shattered glass" |
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