Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS::
Political campaigns/elections |
|
Definition
::Campaign pageeantry- elaborate campaign rallys
::Form of excitement for towns/cities |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS::
Suffrage? |
|
Definition
::All men participated in politics; including immigrants who were not yet citizens
::Blacks voted regularly in North, not as often in South
::Women still didn't have suffrage (bc men believed they were disqualified as voters)
::80% of eligible voters voted |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS::
Election Day |
|
Definition
::Greatly encouraged voting! (paid poll taxes/naturalization fees, no concrete registration laws so it was difficult to determine voter eligibility)
::Chaos |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS::
Election Day: Ballots? |
|
Definition
::No official ballots
::Party tickets- strips of paper printed by parties, revealed party allegiance so voters felt pressured
:: Hawkers- violently handed out party tickets |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Party Balance
[late 1800's] |
|
Definition
::Close balance between Republicans and Democrats
::NY, Jersey, Ohio, and Indiana had evenly divided voters, so candidates focused on winning those states |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Preferred party affiliation |
|
Definition
::Region, ethnicity, religion, and local factors determined preferred party
:: |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Republican Party ("Grand Old Party") |
|
Definition
::Strong in N and MidW as "defender of the Union"
::Old-stock Americans/Protestants
::Blacks |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Democratic Party |
|
Definition
::Strong in S as "defender of the traditions of the region's white population"
::NE, Catholics, recent immigrants |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Party Machines |
|
Definition
::Strategic plans to gain party support
::Democrat Richard Crocker (NY) and Republican George Cox (Ohio) |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Party Machines
Ward Clubs |
|
Definition
::Assistance through municipal jobs, baskets of food, coal doled
::In form of public welfare systems, but it's true purpose was to buy votes (public contracts, franchises) |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Prohibition Party |
|
Definition
::Defended abolition of alchohol
::Introduced many important reform ideas |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Greenback Party |
|
Definition
::Denounced the infamous financial legistlation
::Labor reform
::Currency inflation to democratize economy |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::PARTISAN POLITICS::
Anti-Monopoly Party
Union Labor Party
People's/Populist Party |
|
Definition
::Third parties
::Recieved temporary success locally |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Associations |
|
Definition
| ::Groups working together to achieve public politics that were beneficial to their members |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Grange (Patrons of Husbandry) |
|
Definition
::Est. 1867
::Nonpartisan
::Campaigned for public regulation of the rates charged by railroads and grain elevators
::Reforms in financial system |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Granger Laws |
|
Definition
| ::Laws passed by MidW states in equivalence with Grange beliefs |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
American Iron & Steel Association
American Protective Tariff League |
|
Definition
::Association of industrialists who lobbied Congress for high tariffs
::Opposition of Grange |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Mugwumps |
|
Definition
::Conservative
::Opposed tariffs and govt. regulations favored by farmers bc it interfered with "natural" economic laws
::Campaigned honesty through civil service reform |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
National Civil Service Reform League |
|
Definition
::Organized by Mugwumps
::To publicie plans, lobby Congress/State Legislatures, and endorse candidates |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
American Protective Association |
|
Definition
::Focused on cultural politics
::anti-Catholic
::Agitated for laws to restrict immigration, taxing church property, and inspecting Catholic religious institutions |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
National American Woman Suffrage Association
1890 |
|
Definition
::Woman suffrage
::Succeeded in full woman suffrage in Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and partial suffrage (right to vote in school elections) |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Women in Politics |
|
Definition
::Were not able to directly be involved in electoral politics
::Tackled welfare, moral reform, poverty, disease, education, recreation, nurseries, labor conditions
::Campaigned through petitions, associations |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Illinois Woman's Alliance
1888 |
|
Definition
::Organized by suffragists
::Investigated conditions of women and children in workshops/factories
::Campaigned for protective labor legislation and required school attendance laws |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Temperance Movement |
|
Definition
| ::Alcoholism=major cause of crime, wife abuse, and broken homes |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) |
|
Definition
| ::Campaigned restrictive liquor laws |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
Frances Willard |
|
Definition
::Leader of WCTU
::Transformed WCTU to traditionalize women's concerns to develop a positive American image
::Believed alcohol abuse was a result, not cause of poverty and social disorder |
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE & STYLE OF POLITICS
::ASSOCIATIONAL POLITICS::
"Home Protection" |
|
Definition
::New slogan of WCTU
::Added domestic issues to campaign
::Sought to strengthen/enforce laws against rape
::Improved helth conditions and workplace/housing reforms
::Eventually supported women suffrage |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::THE WEAK PRESIDENCY::
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
Grover Clevelan
Benjamin Harrison
1887-1897 |
|
Definition
::Capable, but didn't excercise power
::"Though the people support the govt, the govt. should not support the people"-viewed duties strictly administrative, little effort to reach out to public/legislative leadership
:: |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::THE INEFFICIENT CONGRESS::
Congress Effeciency |
|
Definition
::Chambers noisy/chaotic, off-topic conversations, members played games/read newspapers/etc.
::Procedural rules not consistent |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY & THE SPOILS SYSTEM::
Federal Bureacracy
1871-1881 |
|
Definition
::Not very many govt. employees
::Most employees were postmasters, only 1/4 worked in Washington
::Number doubled from 1881-1891 |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY & THE SPOILS SYSTEM::
Spoils System |
|
Definition
::Victorious politicians could award govt. jobs to whom they wished (qualified or not)
::Way to strengthen their organizations, reward loyal party service, attract political workers
::Offered oppurtunity |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY & THE SPOILS SYSTEM::
Spoils System-Critics |
|
Definition
::System created corruption, abuse, inefficiency, and instability
::Incompetant leaders
:: |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::INCONSISTENT STATE GOVERNMENT::
State Govt. |
|
Definition
::Police power, promoted private enterprise, public health, public works, but did little
::State constitutions limited govt. authority |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::INCONSISTENT STATE GOVERNMENT::
Public Intervention-Commissions |
|
Definition
::Massachusetts 1869 led
::Industrilization forced govt. to respond to public
::Commissions to investigate and regulate industry |
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::INCONSISTENT STATE GOVERNMENT::
Minnesota |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::INCONSISTENT STATE GOVERNMENT::
Minnesota |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
LIMITS OF GOVERNMENT
::INCONSISTENT STATE GOVERNMENT::
Southern States |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
Mugwumps Civil Reform |
|
Definition
::Wanted officeholders to be selected based upon written exam and protected from removal on political grounds
::Replace ignorant/corrupt officeholders with gentlemen! |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
President Hayes |
|
Definition
::Favored civil service reform, but didn't fully disapprove of spoils system
::Rewarded those who helped get him elected, permitted party leaders to name or veto candidates for cabinet, insisted upson appointees to contribute funds to Republican campaigns
:Rejected claims of machine leaders/office seekers |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
Pendleton Civil Service Act
1883 |
|
Definition
| ::Prohibited feds from soliciting political contributions from govt. workers |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
Civil Service Commission |
|
Definition
::Administered competitve exams for govt. jobs
::Juridistiction over 10% of positions
::Allowed president to extend authority |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
Civil Form Tradition... |
|
Definition
::Professional civil service free from partisan politics emerged
::Strengthened executive branch ability to handle administrative responsiblities |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::CIVIL SERVICE REFORM::
Women In Politics |
|
Definition
| ::The new emphasis on skill allowed more oppurtunities to women |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Tariffs |
|
Definition
::Tariffs on imported goods provided revenue for fed govt and protected American industry from European competition
::Promoted industrial growth
::Favored certain industries to get higher profits |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Employment |
|
Definition
::Republicans-Encourage job growth
::Democratic-Restricts competition |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Industry |
|
Definition
::Republican-Promotes industrial growth
::Democratic-Inflate corporate profits; hurts others (farmers,etc) |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Wages/Prices |
|
Definition
::R-Permits higher wages
::D-Increases consumer prices |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Government |
|
Definition
::R-Provide govt. with revenue
::D-Opposition of laissez-faire; revenues will tempt govt to activism |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Trade |
|
Definition
::R-Protect domestic market
::D-Restricts foreign trade |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
Tariffs in Congress |
|
Definition
| ::Although parties disagreed on tariffs, everyone voted for tariffs that would benefit their area |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
1884 Campaign |
|
Definition
::Issues were mostly ignored, so instead they resorted to scandalmongering (exploiting opponent)
::Democrat Grover Cleveland won |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
1888 Campaign |
|
Definition
::Similar to that in '84
::Republican Benjamin Harrison won |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE POLITICAL LIFE OF THE TARIFF::
McKinley Tariff Act
1890 |
|
Definition
::Raised tariffs greatly!
::Unpopular, so much that Democrats returned to power |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Interstate Commerce Act
1897
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 |
|
Definition
| ::Regulation of business by popular pressure |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Railroads "Symbol of Big Business" |
|
Definition
| ::Farm groups/business shippers complained of discriminatory rates |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Munn v. Illinois
1877 |
|
Definition
| ::State govt had right to regulate private property when is was for public use |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1886 |
|
Definition
| ::Only fed govt could regulate interstate commerce |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Interstate Commerce Act
1887 |
|
Definition
::Prohibited rebates, discriminatory rates and pooling
::Not very effective |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) |
|
Definition
::To investigate and prosecute violations of Interstate Commerce Act
::1st federal regulatory agency |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE BEGINNINGS OF FEDERAL REGULATION::
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 |
|
Definition
::Laws to break up/regulate corporate monopolies passed by states
::Prohibited attempts to restrict competitinon, but weak in preventing abuses |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
"Money Question"
late 1800's |
|
Definition
::Topic of discussion in politics
::Americans decisive on positions and defended w/ religious ferocity |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Sound Money Policy |
|
Definition
::Creditors/bankers/conservative economists/business leaders
::Limiting money supply to ensure economic stability, maintain property values, and retain investor confidence |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Sound Money Policy vs. Farmers/Debtors |
|
Definition
| ::Complained that it would depress already low crop prices, drive debtors further in debt, restrict economic oppurtunities |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Inflationary Policy |
|
Definition
::Favored by farmers, etc.
::Expected this policy to raise prices, increase economy, reduce debt, increase oppurtunities |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Sound Money Policy vs. Politicians |
|
Definition
::Both parties favored
::West/South opposed |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
"Greenbacks"(paper $) & silver coinage |
|
Definition
::Conflict!
::Roots from Civil War debt |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Deflationary laws
1875 |
|
Definition
::Withdrew some greenbacks
::Required the rest to be converted into gold after 1878 |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Greenback Party |
|
Definition
::Outraged inflationists
::Major parties "failed to take the side of the people"
::Very successful!
::Faded with greenback issue |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Bimetallic Standard |
|
Definition
| ::Used both gold and silver as currency |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
"Demonetizing" Silver Law
1873 |
|
Definition
::Bc miners/owners were selling silver for commercial use
::Made gold only standarad currency
::Hoped to promote international trade by making US financial policy same as Britan's
::Wanted to prevent new silver discoveries in West from expanding money supply |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
"Crime of '73" |
|
Definition
::Rural debtor groups name for demonitizing silver
::Conspiracy of eastern bankers and foreign interests to control money system |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Free Silver |
|
Definition
::Unlimited silver coinage
::Demanded by Westerners/Southerners |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Bland-Allison Act
1878 |
|
Definition
| ::Required govt to buy at least $2 million of silver per month |
|
|
Term
PUBLIC POLICIES & NATIONAL ELECTIONS
::THE MONEY QUESTION::
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
1890 |
|
Definition
::Treasury had to buy more silver and pay for it with Treasury notes redeemable in gold/silver
::Little inflation bc government didn't coin purchased silver and only coined gold |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::AGRICULTURAL PROTEST::
Agricultural Depression
1880s |
|
Definition
::Southern/Great Plains crops failed
::Crop prices dropped and debt increased |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::AGRICULTURAL PROTEST::
Southern/Western Farmer discrimination |
|
Definition
::Believed govt was against them
::National banks, tarriffs, lack of political parties representing them, economic system, railroad, monopolies |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::AGRICULTURAL PROTEST::
Farmers' Alliance |
|
Definition
::Southern/Colored/Northwestern Farmers' Alliance
::Committed to economic and political reform
::Coops
::Proposals to reform rural credit and currency |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
People's/Populist Party |
|
Definition
::Made up of Farmers' Alliance, Knights of Labor, Grange, Greenback Party
::Successful! |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
People's Party Power |
|
Definition
::Laws regulating banks and railroads
::Protection for poor debtors
::Restricted mortgage foreclosures
::Protected unions
::Improved work conditinos |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
Alliance Democrats |
|
Definition
| ::Democrats forced to pledge support to People's Party platform |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
Omaha Platform
July 4, 1892 |
|
Definition
::Party platform
::Rejected laissez-faire, govt ownership of railroads/telegraphs/telephone systems
::National currency issued by govt.
::Subtreasury system
Free/unlimited silver coinage
::Graduated income tax
::Redistribution of settlers' land held by coorps
::Direct popular election of Senators
::Secret ballot
Electoral reforms |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE CHALLENGE OF THE DEPRESSION::
President Grover Cleveland |
|
Definition
::Conservative
::Supported laissez-faire
::Rejected govt action on social/economic problems |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
Depression
1893 |
|
Definition
::Unemployment, bankrupsies
::Govt had little sympathy |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
Jacob Coxey |
|
Definition
::Populist businessman
::Proposed govt public works program for unemployed to be financed with paper money to improve economic infrastructure, create jobs, provide a way to get out of depression |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE PEOPLE'S PARTY::
Coxey's Army |
|
Definition
| ::March to Washing to support his ideas |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS & THE ELECTION OF 1896::
Silver Issue |
|
Definition
| ::Hot topic of election of 1896 |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS & THE ELECTION OF 1896::
William McKinley |
|
Definition
::Democrat presidential candidate
::Govt shouldn't directly promote business interests
::Platform-high tarrifs, gold standard |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS & THE ELECTION OF 1896::
Silver Democrats |
|
Definition
::Most democrats supported free silver
::Platform-free silver, income tax, regulation of trusts/railroads |
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS & THE ELECTION OF 1896::
William Jennings Bryan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THE CRISIS OF THE 1890'S
::THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARDS & THE ELECTION OF 1896::
1896 President |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CH. 22 POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
::REVIEW QUESTIONS::
What were the social and institutional factors that shaped the disorderly nature of elections in the late 19th century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CH. 22 POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
::REVIEW QUESTIONS::
What social and institutional factors determined the role of goverment? How and why did the role of government change during this period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CH. 22 POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
::REVIEW QUESTIONS::
What factors determined the party affiliation of American voters? Why did so many third parties develop during this era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CH. 22 POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
::REVIEW QUESTIONS::
How might the planks of the Omaha Platform have helped solve farmers' troubles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CH. 22 POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
::REVIEW QUESTIONS::
What factors shaped the conduct and outcome of the election of 1896? How did that contest differ from earlier elections? |
|
Definition
|
|
