all parallel lines or surface edges converge on one, two or three vanishing points located with reference to the eye level of the viewer (the horizon line of the picture), and associated objects are rendered smaller the farther from the viewer they are intended to seem

Ex) Brunelleschi's Peep Tool

the disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to the another, creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis 

Ex) Donatello's David

"fools the eye"

a form of illusionistic painting that aims to deceive viewers into believing they are seeing real objects rather than a representation of those objects

Ex) Ducal Palace

The Four Crowned Martyrs, Orsanmichele

Nanni di Banco

Marble

c. 1409-17

David

Donatello

Bronze

c. 1446-60

Dome of Florence Cathedral

Filippo Brunelleschi

1417-36

Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist and Donors

Masaccio

Fresco

c. 1425-27/28