Term
| What constitutes the upper respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Mouth, nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx |
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Term
| What constitutes the lower respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli |
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Term
| What are some natural defenses of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| Nasal hair, cilia, mucus, involuntary responses (coughing, sneezing, swallowing), macrophages, IgA |
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Term
| What are some causes of the common cold? |
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Definition
| Rhinovirus, Cornavirus, Adenovirus |
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Term
| Why do we still have the common cold? |
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Definition
| over 200 different viruses |
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Term
| What are some causes of otitis media? |
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae |
|
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Term
| What can cause chronic otitis media? |
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Definition
| Biofilm bacteria: fluid remains in middle ear for a long period of time |
|
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Term
| What bacteria can cause a throat infection? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are some virulence factors for Streptococcus pyogenes? |
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Definition
| Polysaccharides, Spiky M protein, Capsule, Streptolysins (beta-hemolysis), Erythrogenic toxin |
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Term
| What is the cause of diptheria? |
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Definition
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
|
|
Term
| What causes the disease state of diptheria? |
|
Definition
Pseudo-membrane forms
A-B toxin |
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|
Term
| What is the cause of whooping cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What damage does RSV do to the respiratory system? |
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Definition
Produces giant multinucleated cells in the respiratory tract
Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, dyspnea |
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Term
| What age group is most affected by RSV? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the causes and pathogenesis of influenza? |
|
Definition
Influenza A
Influenza B
Influenza C
Hemagglutinin
Neuramindase |
|
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Term
| What is the difference between antigenic shift and antigenic drift? |
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Definition
Antigenic shift:gene re-assortment
Antigenic drift: mutation of genes |
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Term
| Which influenza strains undergo antigenic shift versus antigenic drift? |
|
Definition
Type A: antigenic shift
Type B: antigenic drift
Type C: None |
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Term
| Which Hemagglutinin and Neuramindase subtypes can infect humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What are some unique characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
Acid-fast bacterium
Mycolic acid
Waxy coating |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between primary, secondary, and disseminated tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
Primary: hidden infection
Secondary: Reactivation
Disseminated: outside of lungs |
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|
Term
| What is a bacterial cause of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does mycoplasma pneumonia differ from other causes of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Walking pneumonia
No cell wall |
|
|
Term
| What is a viral cause of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of nonsocial-acquired pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumonia |
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