Term
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Definition
| Pure substance that cannot be broken down into chemical means into other substances |
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Term
| How many natural elements are there? how many synthetic elements? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smallest possible piece of an element that retains the characteristics of the elements |
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Term
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Definition
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| Where is the mass of most atoms concentrated? What accounts for most of it's volumes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a net negative or positve charge |
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Term
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Definition
| total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom of an element with different numbers of neutrons, the same chemical properties, but different mass numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| average mass of all isotopes of an element |
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Term
| What does it mean when it is said that isotopes are unstable/ radioactive? |
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Definition
| Energy is emitted by rays or through particles when isotopes break down into a more stable form. has a charactersitc half life |
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Term
| How many different isotopes are used in medicine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some selective uses of radioactive isotopes? |
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Definition
| Kill disease causing organisms, act as tracers, radiometric dating, cancer therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more chemically joined atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule composed of two or more different elements |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost occuped energy shell, electrons least likely to combine when it is full |
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Term
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Definition
| holds atoms together in a molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| when two atoms share electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of anatomys ability to attract electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| bipartisan union in which both atoms exert approx. equal pull on their shared electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| lopsided union in which one nucleus exerts a stronger pull on the shared electrons than does the other nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical attraction between two ions with opposite charge |
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Term
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Definition
| opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules attract each other |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of water molecules to stick together |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of a liquid to hold togerth at its surface (by forming hydrogen bons with those around them) |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to form hydrogen bonds with other substances |
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Term
| whats the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? |
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Definition
| Hydrophil substances readily dissolve in water, while hydrophobic molecules do not dissolve in water |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more molecules sawp atoms to yield different molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| adds H+ + OH- by adding one H+, pH level 0-7 |
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Term
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Definition
| adds OH- instead of H+, pH level 7-14 |
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Term
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Definition
| pairs of weak acids and bases that resist pH changes, help organisms maintain homeostasis |
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Term
| What are the four most abundant organic molecules? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| links monomers together, enzyme removes an OH- molecules and an H+ molecue to form pure H2O, breaks down to build bigger molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down smaller molecules, covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest carbs, contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms, includes glucose, galactose and fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| two monosaccharides combined by dehydration synthesis, ex is lactose |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrates that attack to proteins on cell membranes, they are of intermediate length |
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Term
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Definition
| complex carbs, huge, made up of hundreds of monosaccharide monomers. Examples include cellulose, chitin, starch, and glycogen |
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Term
| Where does cellulose occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| make up flexible exoskeletons and cell walls |
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Term
| What do starch and glycogen do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organic molecules that do not dissolve in water, largely dominate by nonpolar carbon/carbon hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| What are the three types of lipids? |
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Definition
| Triglycerides, Sterols, and waxes |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of 3 long hydrocarbon chains called fatty acids, they are not made of monomers, are produced by dehydration synsthesis, and are commonly known as fats |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids that have four interconnected carbon rings, such as cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids combined with alcohols or other hydrocarbons, usually forming a stiff water repellent covering |
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Term
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Definition
| chain of monomers called amino acids |
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Term
| How many types of amino acids are used and how are they unique? |
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Definition
| 20 different types are sed, and it is unique because it can make an infinite number of different proteins. They link together via dehydration synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| where proteins primary structure is programmed, dna and rna |
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Term
| What are the three components of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| five carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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