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Ch. 15
environmental geology
22
Geology
Undergraduate 2
12/02/2008

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acid Rain
Definition
Rain made artificially acidic by pollutants, particularly oxides of sulfur and nitrogen; natural rainwater is slightly acidic owing to the effect of carbon dioxide dissolved in the water.
Term
Alternative Energy
Definition
Refers to the energy sources that are alternative to the commonly used fossil fuels.
Term
Biofuel
Definition
A number of fuels including ethanol(alcohol), derived from plants
Term
Coal
Definition
A sedimentary rock formed from plant material that has been buried, compressed, and changed.
Term
Coal-Bed Methane
Definition
Methane stored on surfaces of organic matter in coal.
Term
Cogeneration
Definition
With respect to energy resources, the recycling of waste heat to increase the efficiency of a typical power plant or factory; may involve production of electricity as a by-product from industrial processes.
Term
Conservation
Definition
Policy for resources such as water and energy that moderates or adjusts demands in order to minimize expenditure of the resource; may mean getting by with less through improved technology to provide just the amount of the resource necessary for a given task.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
with respect to energy resources, refers to designing and using equipment that yields more power from a given amount of energy, resulting in wasting less of the energy to the environment as heat.
Term
Fossil Fuels
Definition
Fuels such as coal, oil, and gas formed by the alteration and decomposition of plants and animals from a previous geologic time.
Term
Fuel Cell
Definition
A device that produces electricity directly from a chemical reaction; commonly uses hydrogen as a fuel to which an oxident is supplied.
Term
Geothermal Energy
Definition
The useful conservation of natural heat from the interior of Earth.
Term
Hard Path
Definition
From an environmental energy perspective, refers to less of large centralized power plants; maybe coupled with energy conservation and cogeneration.
Term
Natural Gas
Definition
Sometimes also referred to as natural energy gas or hydrocarbons that include ethane, propane, butane, and hydrogen.
Term
Nuclear Energy
Definition
Generation of electricity using a nuclear reactor
Term
Oil
Definition
When referring to energy resources, may also be known as petroleum or crude oil; a liquid hydrocarbon generally extracted from wells.
Term
Peak Oil
Definition
The time when half of all oil on Earth will have been extracted.
Term
Soft Path
Definition
with respect to energy resources, refers to development of an energy policy that involve alternatives that are renewable, flexible, decentralized, and(to some people) more benign from an environmental viewpoint than the hard path.
Term
Solar Energy
Definition
Energy that is collected from the sun
Term
Sustainable Energy Policy
Definition
Development of energy policy that finds useful sources of energy that do not have adverse environmental effects or minimizes those effects in such a way that future generations will have access to energy resources and a quality environment.
Term
Tidal Power
Definition
with respect to energy resources, refers to the useful conversion of tidal currents to produce electrical power.
Term
Water Power
Definition
use of flowing water such as in a reservoir to produce electrical power
Term
Wind Power
Definition
Technology (mostly windmills) used to extract electrical energy from the wind.
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