Term
| What is L sided heart failure considered? |
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Definition
SYSTOLIC!
Muscle/pump problem |
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Term
| What is R sided heart failure considered? |
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Definition
DIASTOLIC!
Heart not relaxing enough |
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Term
| What does L sided heart failure effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does DYSPNEA stand for? (LEFT SIDED HF) |
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Definition
D - Dyspnea
Y - Yellow secretions
S - Stridor and decreased SaO2
P - Pulmonary crackles, pulse INCREASE
N - Nasal flaring, grunting, retractions
E - elevated RR
A - activity intolerance |
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Term
| What does EDEMA stand for? (RIGHT SIDED HF) |
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Definition
E - Enlarged liver
D - Distended neck veins
E - Enlarged spleen
M - Most edema in LE
A - Ascites and anorexia |
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Term
| What does R sided heart failure effect? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Defined as the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients |
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Term
| What is HF an indication of? |
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Definition
| myocardial disease, in which there is a problem with contraction of the heart (systolic dysfunction) or filling of the heart (diastolic dysfunction) that may or may not cause pulmonary or systemic congestion |
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Term
| What characterizes systolic HF? |
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Definition
| Characterized by a weakened heart muscle. |
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Term
| What characterizes diastolic HF? |
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Definition
| Characterized by a stiff and noncompliant heart muscle |
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Term
| What test is performed to determine which type of HF? |
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Definition
| ejection fraction (% of blood ejected with each contraction) is performed to assist in determining the type of HF |
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Term
| What does STROL stand for in ACE inhibitors? (PRIL sisters) |
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Definition
S - SVD and PVR decreased
T - Treatment of MI
R - decreases Release of aldosterone
O - decreases Occult diabetic neuropathy
L - Decreases left ventricular dilation after MI |
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Term
| What does DOG MAD stand for in pulmonary edema? |
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Definition
D - diuretics
O - oxygen
G - gases
M - Morphine
A - afterload decreased
D - decreased perload |
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Term
| What is the pathophysiology of HF? |
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Definition
HF results from various underlying factors and the compensatory mechanisms that are put in place
Compensatory mechanisms tend to ultimately exacerbate the signs and symptoms of HF |
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Term
| What are the major risk factors of HF? |
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Definition
| Age, male sex, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, and obesity |
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Term
| What are the minor risk factors of HF? |
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Definition
| Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, toxins (chemotherapy), sleep-disordered breathing, chronic kidney disease, low socioeconomic status, psychological stress, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of HF? |
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Definition
Dyspnea
Cyanosis -> LATE SIGN
Cachexia -> LATE SIGN
Tachycardia
Elevation in jugular venous pressure (RIGHT SIDED)
S3 heart sound (HEART-FAIL-URE)
Crackles -> Early/Left
Edema -> Right
Dizziness or lightheadedness -> Decreased Cardiac OUTPUT |
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Term
| How do medications manage HF? |
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Definition
ACE inhibitors (lower BP/afterload),
beta blockers (decrease HR/BP),
diuretics (lower volume/preload),
and digitalis (slows and strengthens HR) |
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Term
| What is the major manifestation of pulmonary edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cardiogenic shock? |
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Definition
| Occurs when decreased CO leads to inadequate tissue perfusion and initiation of the shock syndrome |
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Term
| How is cardiogenic shock treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is pericardial effusion? |
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Definition
| the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac |
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Term
| What is cardiac tamponade? |
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Definition
| resultant compression of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs when the heart ceases to produce an effective pulse and circulate blood
Consciousness, pulse, and blood pressure are lost immediately |
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Term
| What do you do for cardiac arrest? |
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Definition
Circulation
Airway
Breathing
Defibrillation |
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Term
| What are the only 2 shockable rhythms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is pulsus paradoxus? |
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Definition
Happens during pericardial effusion
Systolic blood pressure markedly lower on inhalation.
More than 10 mm/hg lower is abnormal |
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Term
| What is pericardocentesis? |
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Definition
| Puncture of the pericardial sac to aspirate pericardial fluid |
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