Mudslinging

(p. 185)

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Textbook Definition: During the campaign, both sides hurled reckless accusations at each other, a practice called mudslinging.

Sentence:  During the mudslinging Adams was callede a "Sabbath-breaker" for traveling on Sunday 

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"Old Hickory"

(p. 185)

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Textbook Definition: Jackson was called "Old Hickory" by his troops because he was as tough as "the hardest wood in creation."  

Sentence:When Jackson heard that they were calling him "Old Hickory" he broke down and cried.

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Well-Born

(p. 186)

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Textbook Definition: Born to an upper class (wealthy, respected) family.

Sentence: Until the 1820's, the right to vote had been limited to the rich and well-born.

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"Common Man"

(p. 186)

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Textbook Definition: With the Westerm States leading the way, voting laws were changed to give the "common man" the right to vote.

Sentence: The "common man" right to vote did not yet inculde African Americans, Native Americans, or women.

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Monied Interests 

(p. 186)

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Textbook Definition: In their view the national government had been taken over to corrupt "monied interests"- that is, the rich.

Sentence: Jackson had promised to throw these rascals , "monied interests" out.

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Public Money

(p. 186)

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Textbook Definition: He was accused of using "public money" to purchase "gambling furniture" for the White House. 

Sentence: In reality, it wasn't "public money," but his own money to purchase a billard table.

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"The People"

(p. 186)

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Textbook Definition: Jackson had promised to throw these rascals out and return the government to "the people."

Sentence: "The people" are the "common people."

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Self-made

(p. 187)

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Textbook Definition: Achieving wealth or influence through one's own effort rather than being born to a priveleged family.

Sentence:   The "people's president" was the first "self-made man" to occupy the White House.

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Andrew Jackson

(p. 185-193)

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Textbook Definition: The election pitted John Quincy Adams, the nation's sixth president, against Andrew Jackson.

Sentence: They called Andrew Jackson a crude and ignorant man who was not fit to be president.

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Charles Dickinson

(p. 185-193)

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Textbook Definition: A slave trader named Charles Dickinson found this out when he called Jackson "a worthless scoundrel" and insulted his wife.

Sentence: Enraged, Jackson challenged Dickinson to a duel(fight) with pistols, even though the slave trader was said to be the best shot in Tennessee.

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"The Hunters of Kentucky"

(p. 188)

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Textbook Definition: At these events, supporters sang "The Hunters of Kentucky."

Sentence: "The Hunters of Kentucky" was the nation's first campaign song.

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Jacksonian Democracy

(p. 188)

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Textbook Definition: The Jacksonian Democracy is the victory for the idea that common people should control their government.

Sentence: This idea became known as Jacksonian Democracy.

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Kitchen Cabinet

(p. 189)

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Textbook Definition: Jackson's trusted friends and political supporters (advisors) were said to meet with him in the White House kitchen, being call the "kitchen cabinet" 

Sentence: For this reason, they were known as the kitchen cabinet.

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Civil Servants

(p. 189)

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Textbook Definition: Employees of the government,

Sentence: Most of these cival servants viewed their posts as lifetime jobs.

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Spoils System

(p. 189)

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Textbook Definition: The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

Sentence: Jackson's opponents called the practice of rewarding poltical supporters with jobs the spoils system.

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Tariff of Abominations

(p. 190)

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Nullification Crisis

(p. 190)

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Textbook Definition: Faced with such firm opposition, South Carolina backed down and the nullification crisis ended.

Sentence:  A controversy over higher tariffs led to the nullification crisis, in which South Carolinians threatened to seperate from the United States.
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Secede

(p. 189)

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Textbook Definition: To withdraw from an organization or alliance;in this case, to withdraw from the United States.

Sentence: They threatened to secede if the national government tried to enforce the tariff laws.

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Pet Banks

(p. 191)

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Textbook Definition: Jackson's enemies called these banks "pet banks" because they were run by the president's supporters.

Sentence: In 1833, he ordered the secretary of the treasury to remove all federal deposits from the Bank and put the money in "pet banks."

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Sequoyah

(p. 192)

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Textbook Definition: Sequoyah was a Cherokee Indian who developed an 86-letter alphabet for the Cherokee language.

Sentence:  The alphabet contained both Roman letters  and symbols that Sequoyah created.

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Cherokee

(p. 193)

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Textbook Definition: President Van Buren, more than 17,000 Cherokee were dragged from their homes in Georgia and herded west by federal troops.

Sentence:  A soldier took part in the Cherokee removal called it "the cruelest work I ever knew"

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Seminole

(p. 193)

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Textbook Definition: Led bu a young chief named Osceola, the Seminoles of Florida resisited removal for ten years. 
 Sentence: A number of seminoles were finally sent to Indian Territory.

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Indian Removal Act 1830

(p. 192)

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Textbook Definition: In 1830, urged on by President Jackson, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act.

Sentence: The Indian Removal Act allowed the president to make treaties in which Native Americans in the East traded their lands for territory on the Great Plains.

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Black Hawk's War

(p, 193)

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Textbook Definition: Black Hawk's War ended in 1832 with the slaughter of most of his warriors.

Sentence:  Blue Hawk's actions in the Blue Hawk's War is something no Indian ought to be ashamed of. 

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Trail of Tears

(p. 193)

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Textbook Definition: Those who survived remembered that terrible journey as their" Trail of Tears"

Sentence: Most of the Cherokees on the Trail of Tears had no horses or warm blankets.

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Osceola

(p. 193)

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Textbook Definition: Led by a young chief named Osceola, The Seminoles of Florida resisted removal for ten years.

Sentence: Their long struggle over the removal led by Osceola was the most costly Indian war ever fought in the United States.

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