Term
| Measures to control nosocomial infections |
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Definition
1-Practicing aseptic techniques
2- Handling contaminated material carefully
3- Frequent and thorough hand washing
4- Educating staff members about basic infection control measures
5- Using isolation rooms and wards.
6- Avoidance where possible of medical procedures that can lead with high probability to nosocomial infection |
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Term
| Factors involved in the occurrence of nosocomial infections |
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Definition
1- Microorganisms in the hospital environment
2- Compromised (weakened) status of the host (disease, burns or
3- Chain of transmission |
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Term
| 1-Microorganisms in the Hospital Environment: |
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Definition
1- Microorganisms in the Hospital Environment: microbiota of the human body may become opportunistic. Sometimes these opportunistic microbiota becomes antibiotic resistant and the patient and some of the hospital staff become carriers for such resistant strains.
*Nosocomial infections are primarily caused by opportunists, particularly by:
-Enterococcus spp.
-Coliforms: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus
-Pseudomonas spp
Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus
Candida albicans |
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Term
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Definition
2- Compromised Host: two principal conditions can compromise the host: broken skin or mucous membranes, and suppressed immune system.
-Burns, surgical wounds, trauma, infections, invasive diagnostic procedures, ventilators, intravenous therapy, and urinary catheters can all break the first line of defense and make a person more susceptible to disease in hospitals |
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Term
| 3- Chain of Transmission: |
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Definition
| 3- Chain of Transmission: either by direct transmission by hospital staff, or by indirect transmission through a fomite. Examples of fomites: urinary catheter, intravenous catheter, nutrients or medications, respiratory aids, and needles. |
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