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Ch. 02: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
N/A
173
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2012

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Term
Where is the hypogastric region
Definition
Below the umbilical region
Term
The small sausage shaped structures; the place where food is burned to release energy is
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
The membrane surrounding the lungs is
Definition
Pleura
Term
In the back (spine), the region of the waist is called
Definition
Lumbar
Term
The region of DNA within each chromosome is called
Definition
Gene
Term
The muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities is
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Which medical term means "on the surface"?
Definition
Superficial
Term
A lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides is
Definition
Sagittal
Term
The pleural cavity is
Definition
Space surrounding each lung
Term
Which of the quadrants contains the left ureter
Definition
Left lower quadrant
Term
C1-C7
Definition
cervical
Term
T1-T12
Definition
thoracic
Term
L1-L5
Definition
lumbar
Term
S1-S5
Definition
sacral
Term
Tailbone region
Definition
coccyx
Term
horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
Definition
transverse plane
Term
vertical plane dividing the body into right and left parts
Definition
sagittal plane
Term
vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
Definition
frontal plane
Term
on the surface of the body
Definition
superficial
Term
lying on the back
Definition
supine
Term
below another structure
Definition
inferior
Term
pertaining to the side
Definition
lateral
Term
pertaining to the middle
Definition
medial
Term
lying on the belly
Definition
prone
Term
above another structure
Definition
superior
Term
near the point of attachment of the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
Definition
proxmial
Term
away from the surface of the body
Definition
deep
Term
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Definition
distal
Term
membrane surrounding abdominal viscera
Definition
peritoneum
Term
a backbone
Definition
spinal column
Term
membrane surrounding the lungs
Definition
pleural cavity
Term
pad of cartilage between each backbone
Definition
disk
Term
space between the lungs containing the heart, trachea, aorta
Definition
mediastinum
Term
The process by which food is burned to release energy
Definition
catabolism
Term
Part of the cell where formation of protein occurs
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Sum of the chemical processes in a cell
Definition
metabolism
Term
Picture of nuclear structures arranged in a numerical order
Definition
karyotype
Term
Part of a cell where catabolism primarily occurs
Definition
mitochondria
Term
Allows materials to pass into and out of the cell
Definition
cell membrane
Term
Genes are composed of
Definition
chromosomes
Term
Muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Definition
diaphragm
Term
The space in the chest between the lungs is the
Definition
mediastinum
Term
Adipose means pertaining to
Definition
fat
Term
Throat
Definition
pharynx
Term
Sarcoma
Definition
flesh tumor; benign
Term
Craniotomy
Definition
incision of the skull
Term
A histologist studies
Definition
tissues
Term
An epithelial cell is a (an)
Definition
skin cell
Term
The pleural cavity is the
Definition
space between the membranes around the lungs
Term
Viscera
Definition
internal organs
Term
The pituitary gland is in which body cavity?
Definition
cranial
Term
Voice box
Definition
larynx
Term
The tailbone is the
Definition
coccyx
Term
Supine means
Definition
lying on the back
Term
The upper lateral regions of the abdomen, beneath the ribs are the
Definition
hypochondriac regions
Term
The RUQ contains the
Definition
liver
Term
Pertaining to a plane that divides the body into right and left portions
Definition
sagittal
Term
A disk is
Definition
a piece of cartilage between backbones
Term
anabolism
Definition
process of building up complex material (proteins) from simple materials. They produce proteins such as hormones and enzymes that are important to growth of cells. It occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. (takes place in the ribosomes of endoplasmic reticulum)
Term
catabolism
Definition
process of breadking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy. (takes place in the mitochondria)
Term
cell membrane
Definition
structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and what leaves the cells
Term
chromosomes
Definition
rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
all the material that is outside the nuclues and yet contained within the cell membrane
Term
DNA
Definition
chemical found within each chromosome. arranged like a sequence of recipes code, it directs activities of the cell
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
Term
genes
Definition
regions of DNA within each chromosomes
Term
karyotype
Definition
pictures of chromosomes in the nuclues of a cell. the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure
Term
metabolism
Definition
the total of the chmical processes in a cell. it includes catabolism and anabolism
Term
mitochondria
Definition
strucutres in cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.
Term
nucleus
Definition
control center of the cell. it contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
collections of fat cells
Term
cartilage
Definition
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
(it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the eteral ear and nose)
Term
epithelial cells
Definition
skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
Term
histologist
Definition
specialist in the study of tissues
Term
larynx
Definition
"voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea
Term
pharynx
Definition
Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to trachea)
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
endocrine gland that surround the trachea in the neck
Term
trachea
Definition
"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)
Term
urter
Definition
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
Term
urethra
Definition
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Term
uterus
Definition
the womb. the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
Term
viscera
Definition
internal organs
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines (also called the abdomen)
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
Term
diaphragm
Definition
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. the diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing
Term
dorsal (posterior)
Definition
pertaining to the back
Term
mediastinum
Definition
centrally located space between the lungs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reprodctive organs
Term
peritoneum
Definition
double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
Term
pleura
Definition
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord. (also called the spinal canal)
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
Term
ventral (anterior)
Definition
pertaining to the front
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
space between the pleural membranes
Term
hypochondriac
Definition
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
Term
epigastric
Definition
middle upper regions near the waist
Term
umbilical
Definition
central region near the navel
Term
lumbar
Definition
right left lower regions near the waist.
Term
inguinal
Definition
right and left lower regions near the groin.
Term
hypogastric
Definition
middle lower region below the umbilical region
Term
RUQ
Definition
right upper quadrant
Term
LUQ
Definition
left upper quadrant
Term
RLQ
Definition
right lower quadrant
Term
LLQ
Definition
left lower quadrant
Term
cervical
Definition
neck region (C1-C7)
Term
thoracic
Definition
chest region (T1-T12)
Term
lumbar
Definition
loin (waist) region (L1-L5)
Term
sacral
Definition
region of the sacrum (S1-S5)
Term
coccygeal
Definition
region of the coccyx (tailbone)
Term
vertebra
Definition
single backbone
Term
vertebrae
Definition
backbones
Term
spinal column
Definition
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Term
spinal cord
Definition
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
Term
disk (disc)
Definition
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
front surface of the body
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface
Term
distal
Definition
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Term
frontal (coronal) plane
Definition
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Term
inferior (caudal)
Definition
below another structure; ertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to the side
Term
medial
Definition
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
back surface of the body
Term
prone
Definition
lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
Term
proximal
Definition
near the point of attachment to the truck or near the beginning of a structure
Term
sagittal (lateral) plane
Definition
lengthwise, vertical plane diving the body or structure into right and left sides.
Term
superficial
Definition
on the surface
Term
superior (cephalic)
Definition
above another structure; pertaining to the head
Term
supine
Definition
lying on the back (face up, palms up)
Term
transvers plane
(cross-sectional or axial)
Definition
horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
adip/o
Definition
fat
Term
anter/o
Definition
front
Term
bol/o
Definition
to cast (throw)
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck (of the body or the uterus)
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
chrom/o
Definition
color
Term
coccyg/o
Definition
coccyx (tailbone)
Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
dist/o
Definition
far, distant
Term
dors/o
Definition
back portion of the body
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue
Term
ili/o
Definition
ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
kary/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
later/o
Definition
side
Term
lumb/o
Definition
lower back
(side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle
Term
nucle/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
pelv/i
Definition
pelvis, hip region
Term
poster/o
Definition
back, behind
Term
proxim/o
Definition
nearest
Term
sacr/o
Definition
sacrum
Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh
Term
spin/o
Definition
spine, backbone
Term
thel/o
Definition
nipple
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
trache/o
Definition
trachea, windpipe
Term
umbilic/o
Definition
navel, umbilicus
Term
ventr/o
Definition
belly side of the body
Term
vertebr/o
Definition
vertebra(e)
backbone(s)
Term
viscer/o
Definition
internal organs
Term
ana-
Definition
up
Term
cata-
Definition
down
Term
hypo-
Definition
below
Term
epi-
Definition
above
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
meta-
Definition
change
Term
-eal
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-iac
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ior
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ism
Definition
process, condition
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