Anatomy:study of structure

Physiology:study of the fcns of structures and how the organism functions as a whole

-groups of cells w/a common structure and function

-often held together by extracellular matrix

-four main categories of primary tissue, each with its own primary function

Functions-lining, transport,secretion, and absorption

tightly packed sheets, connected to basement membrane(dense ECM), 3 types of layers

*1=simple

*2=stratified

*cells of diff sizes so may appear stratified but really only 1=psuedostratified 

i. Cuboidal (cube) -rich in transport channels, fcn in secretion and absorbtion

ii. columnar (pillar)- thicker layer than squamous, provides protection,secretion, and absorption

iii.Squamous(flat,pancake)-thin layer permitting diffusion across the layer

iv.If stratified, shape is of the "top" layer furthest from basement membrane

Fcn are for support, strength, and elasticity(framework)

Fiber types:

1.Collagenous-durable, non elastic,of collagen

2.elastic-"remember" shape,stretch and spring back

3.reticular fibers-extensions of collagen that are thin and branched form woven connection to adjacent tissues

Loose Connective Tissue

-binds epithelia to underlying tissues

-Fibroblasts secrete ECM

-Macrophages-part of immune system, seek out and destroy bacteria through phagocytosis

1. Fat Cells

2. Used for padding, insulation, and energy storage

1. ECM mainly collagen in parallel arrangement 4 maximum nonelastic strength

2. Tendons(muscle to bone)

3.Ligaments(bone to bone)

4. Some organs are protected by irregularly arranged collagen fibers another form of dense connective tissue.

1. ECM: collagen + chondroitin sulfate (protein carbohydrate complex that is rubber like)

2. Both substances are secreted by chondrocyte cells

3. Pre bone skeleton in humans

4. Only skeleton in some animals 

5. Flexible support in non-bone regions

1. Skeleton in many animals

2. Collagen rich ECM in mineralized w/calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.

3.Osteoblasts bone making cells (fig 47.16)

4.Osteoclasts bone destroying cells

1. ECM is primarily liquid (plasma

2. Cells:

3. Erythrocytes:RBC:O2 transport

4.Leukocytes:WBC:immune system

5.Cell fragments (platelets) aid in clotting

Function is movement.

Generally are long and thin, and contain many parallel microfilaments of actin and myocin

3 types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Function is information processing, communication and control

1. Neuron organization: each cell has a body and several extensions(dendrite and axons) that can be up to 1 M long

2.Glial cells:supporting cells. Produce myelin, do not transmit signals themselves.

3.Dendrites accept signal, axons "act on" the dendrite of the adjacent cell