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| In the 15th century, Mali kingdom weakened and the Songhay took over. They built a flourishing city state and had control over trading cities like Timbuktu and Jenne. |
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| Kingdom in Central Africa. 14th century. Centralized state. Converted to Christianity. |
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| Effect of American Food Crops on Africa |
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| Mid 16th century, American crops like manioc, maize, and peanuts arrived in Africa through Portuguese ships |
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| Common throughout Africa. Slaves came from war captives, criminals, and individuals that were expelled from clans. Slaves were a measure of wealth in Africa. |
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| After 18th century, Muslim merchants wanted slaves for sale and distribution. Up to 10 millions Africans exported. |
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| European ships took voyages of 3 legs. the first leg took horses and European goods to Africa to exchange for slaves. the second leg took the slaves to the Caribbean and Americas. the third leg took American goods back to Europe. |
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| The slaves encounter a long journey, " the middle passage" where they boarded filthy and crowded ships. Brutal conditions. |
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| Effects of Slave trade on Africa |
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Many societies in Africa flourished from exporting slaves. around 2,000 slaves left annually during the 15-16th century. during the 18th up to 80,000.
led to more women making up 2/3 of societies back in Africa. |
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| " The dispersal of African peoples and their descendants" Left a permanent mark throughout Western hemisphere |
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Plantation societies differed in regions.
Slaves in Caribbean died from diseases like Malaria and yellow fever. North american societies didn't have as many diseases and conditions were less harsh |
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Long and drawn out process. Emancipation of slaves:
1833 british colonies
1848 French
1865 U.S.
1888 Brazil |
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