Term
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Definition
part of the pathogen
Recognized by antibody |
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Term
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Definition
part of host body
Recognizes the pathogen |
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Term
| Components of invading microbes |
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Definition
-Capsules, cell walls, flagella, fimbriae and toxins of bacteria (all can be antigens)
-Coat of viruses
-Surface of other microbes
-Pollen, egg white, surface molecules of transplanted tissues and organs |
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Term
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Definition
Antibodies bind to a specific antigens
One antigen can bind to multiple antibodies; antibody is specific for one antigen.
1 antibody binds to 1 epitope
1 antigen can bind to may epitopes and many antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
Immunoglobulin
-Two antigen binding sites;
-each one has a light chain and heavy chain |
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Term
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Definition
Many classes of antibodies; classified partly on shape
IgM is the first response
IgE has to do with allergies
* remember IgG is long-term immunity and IgE is allergies!! |
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Term
| Antibodies make more of themselves when |
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Definition
| when an antigen is detected |
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Term
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Definition
B cell is search engine; gives info to T cells, the commander;
-develops in bone marrow
-specific to 1 antigen |
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Term
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Definition
T cell instructs B cells (army) what to do
-Specific to a single antigen
-Made in Red Bone Marrow and found in thymus
-As we age the ability to make T cells weakens |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory component is important (B and T cells last years whereas antibodies last only 6 months) |
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Term
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Definition
| any cell that can produce more cell over and over |
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Term
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Definition
You don’t feel sick during latent period
First exposure produces memory cells
Baby don’t have a memory cell but they got antibody from placenta (mom transfer) |
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Term
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Definition
| Your own body makes antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
You didn't make the antibody, they were given to you
-first attempt through transfusion of horse serum with antitoxins to prevent tetanus |
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Term
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Definition
| if you get a disease where it will take you too long to make the antibodies, you can be given an IV of antibodies to fight it now |
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Term
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Definition
-Vaccination
-Exposure to antigen and not pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
A suspension of organisms or fraction of organisms used to induce immunity.
Types:
Attenuated whole-agent vaccine: weaken microbe; (mutated)
Inactivated whole-agent vaccine: dead microbe (heat or phenol)
Toxoids: inactivated toxin
Subunit vaccine: a cellular |
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Term
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Definition
is not the drug but a hapten given off when the liver processes the drug
-Exposure in meat, mold, and milk leads to some sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
-Avoid the allergen
-Drugs that block the action of lymphocytes
-“Vaccine” |
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Term
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Definition
born with it, it is non-specific
-Faster than Adaptive |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquired; memory, specific response to specific microbes |
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Term
| Microbes that get stuck in mucus are not able to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| salty, not much microbes can handle it |
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Term
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Definition
SKin and mucous membranes
-Skin (Tears, mucous, saliva) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who gets Pneumonia the easiest? |
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Definition
| Smokers, elderly, and children |
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Term
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Definition
| moves the mucus up and out; as we age cilia desteriorates and is not as effective in getting microbs out through the mucus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| another mechanism to flush out microbes, also have lysozome that will kill microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| a flap to cover larynx while shallowing and prevent it going to respiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| Physically pushing out microbes |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation, Fever, Blood, Lymphatic system
-microphages (Start in blood and move out into other tissues) |
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Term
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Definition
Iron-binding proteins
-does not change over a person's lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic (overall) responses to injury or infection: abnormally high body temperature
Caused by: endotoxins from outer membrane of G- bacteria; also a normal immune response
Fever is defense againt disease up to a point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific type of phagocyte |
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Term
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Definition
First: redness (rush of blood) and heat (due to rush of blood)
Second: swelling (wall it off)
Third: pain (alerts you) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| migration and maturation of WBCs, leave the blood and migrate into tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Important for making blood cells |
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Term
| Red blood cell located in |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood cell formation starts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Part of immune response
-large in babies, small in adults |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When infection causes damage to tissues, cells, or organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbes that help digest or help keep other microbes off skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasites but not microbes |
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Term
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Definition
On organism benefits and the other is unaffected
-Majority of normal flora on body |
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Term
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Definition
| One organism benefits at the expense of another |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria in and on an adult |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cause a disease when given the opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| no matter what will make you sick, always |
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Term
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Definition
| Has a proper opportunity to make you sick(immune system is depressed) |
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Term
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Definition
degree of pathogenicty
-depends on how 1) well the organism can establish itself in host and 2) cause damage |
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Term
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Definition
Minimum number of bacteria required as inoculum to cause infection.
-10 cells : Tuberculosis
1000 cells : gohorrhea
10,000 cells : typhoid fever
1,000,000,000 cells : cholera |
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Term
| Establishment of infection |
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Definition
1) Portal of Entry
2) Attaching to the Host
3) Surviving Host Defenses |
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Term
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Definition
Exotoxins: product of metabolism, protein, most commonly produced by Gram positive bacteria. Into surround area of microbe. (can not be killed even by heat)
Endotoxins: part of the cell, outermembrane of Gram negative cell wall, released when the cell dies, cell does not have to die to released (cause fever) |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive or inappropriate host response (immune) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one that you get during primary infection |
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Term
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Definition
| more than just one type of microbes |
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Term
| Example of localized infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid onset with severe but short-lived effects: cold, flu |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow progress and persist over long time: Tuberculosis, AIDS, Leprosy, Pneumonia |
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