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| A highly organized body of workers with many levels of authority. |
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| A military leader operating outside the control of the government. |
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| civil service examination |
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| A test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government. |
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| China's great philosopher |
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| Rule by selecting those of noble class or wealthy landowners |
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| Rule by officials who have studied and proven their "merit" (knowledge or talent) |
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| 16.1 What period of Imperial China does this chapter cover? |
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220 ce to 1644 ce
Starting at the end of the Han Dynasty through to the end of the Ming Dynasty |
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| 16.1 China's emperors found China too big to rule alone. What did they do to overcome this challenge? |
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| Sought the help of others to rule by naming officials to help run the government. |
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| 16.1 Imperial China had 3 ways in which the emperor found people to help govern. What were they? |
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- Aristocracy - officials named from wealthy landowners
- Meritocracy - officials chosen to govern after they studyed passed a civil service exam.
- Government by foreigners - Monguls conquered China in 13 Century and named their own officials
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
In 221 bce what important event occurs in China? |
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| First ruler claims power over China and takes title of emperor. |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
What was the name of the first emperor of China and where was he from? |
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| Zheng of the state of Qin |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
When an emperor names his son or a close family member as successor to the rule, what was this called over many generations? |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
What did the emperors say they had as justification of retaining their power and rule? |
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a Mandate of Heaven.
They claimed that Heaven chooses a particular dynasty to rule. |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
What events would occur that made the people claim the dynasty had lost their Mandate of Heaven? |
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Floods, famines & plagues
Proof it was time for the current dynasty to go. |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
What was the Han dynasty period called and how long did it last? |
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| The Golden Age - 400 years |
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16.2 Government of Imperial China
What caused the break up of the Han dynasty? |
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| Over time, more officials in the government were weak, often corrupt. They overtaxed the people, took their land, and forced them to work on wealthy landowners property. Eventually the people revolted. |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
What was one of the first accomplishments of the Tang dynasty? |
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| Helped reunify China in one empire after years of smaller kingdoms following the fall of the Han dynasty. |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
How long did the Tang dynasty rule? |
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| 300 years - 618 ce to 907 ce |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
What term describes the BIG government that the Tang dynasty used to rule over the empire? |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
What 2 methods were used to choose the people to serve in government jobs? |
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Aristocracy - Individuals chosen because they were wealthy or powerful (but maybe not talented or smart)
Meritocracy - Han dynasty first to use a civil service exam to find the most qualified to serve |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty had more (Aristocrats or Meritocrats) serving in government jobs? |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
What caused the break up of the Tang Dynasty and when did it occur? |
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| Peasant rebellions & fighting among competing generals ~ 907 ce |
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16.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty
What followed the fall of the Tang dynasty? |
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Definition
| 50 years of unrest and multiple unsuccessful dynasties. Then the Song dynasty came to power in 960 ce |
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
How did Song emperors pick most officials to serve in government positions? |
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| The _____ dynasty used civil service exams to pick most officials. |
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
What philosophy were the civil service exams based on? |
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Definition
| Neo-Confucianism was the philosophy used by the _____ dynasty? |
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
Neo-Confucianism was the blend of what 3 philosophies? |
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Confucianism
Buddhism
Daoism
Are the three philosophies that make up _____? Which was the basis of the civil service exams.
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
Who was the author of the "Four Books" which formed the basis of the civil service exams. |
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Zhu Xi
Wrote the ____ ____ which blended 3 philosophies into Neo-Confucianism |
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| Confucius taught that people must act properly in five important relationships. And that one person in this relationship is above another. Name 3 examples. |
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ruler and subject
father and son
husband and wife
older sibling and younger sibling
friend and friend
These were examples of _____'s teachings |
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
Per Confucius, in relationships the higher person must be ____, and the lower person must ____ and ____. |
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16.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty
Unlike in previous dynasty's, the Song emperor's allow lower class people do what? |
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Study for and take the civil service exams. This allowed people to be free to move up in quality of life and rank.
The _____ dynasty was the first to allow ____ class people to do this. |
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| The term for an individual who passed the civil service exam and then served in a government job. |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
In the __ century the Monguls conquered China, ending the Song dynasty. |
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Definition
| 13th century is when what major event occurred, ending the Song dynasty? |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
What Mongul leader took title of emperor of China and what was his dynasty called? |
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Kublai Khan - Yuan dynasty
He was from where? |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
How long did the Mongul Yuan dynasty last?
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100 years - (1279 - 1368 ce)
Was the period of what dynasty in China? |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
Society was divided into what 4 classes under Mongul rule? |
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- Mongols
- friends of Mongols
- Northern Chinese people
- Southern Chinese people
These were the classes of society under what rule?
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
Under Mongul rule, what 3 groups made up the government officials in power? |
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- Mongul family
- Mongul friends
- Trusted foreigners
These groups made up what?
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
Kublai Khan ended what practice for a time early in his rule? |
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Definition
civil service exams
Who stopped the practice of using these to fill government jobs? |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
Under Mongul rule, were civil service exams brought back? |
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Definition
Yes.
There were not enough qualified individuals to fill all the needed government jobs under ____ rule, so they brought back ____ _____ _____. |
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16.5 Government by Foreigners - Mongul Rule
In what year were the Mongul Yuan dynasty overthrown? What dynasty followed? |
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Definition
| In 1368, the Ming dynasty began as what dynasty was overthrown? |
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16.6 Revival of Civil Service
The ___ dynasty brought back the civil service exam? |
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Definition
| The Ming dynasty brought back what? |
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16.6 Revival of Civil Service
Name 5 positive attributes of the civil service exams? |
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Definition
- well organized government
- moral behavior
- justice
- kindness
- loyalty
- family
- poor person can study and get good job
These are ____ attributes of what?
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16.6 Revival of Civil Service
Name 4 negative aspects of the civil service exam process |
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- No emphasis on science, math or engineering
- Little respect for merchants, business or trade
- Country fell behind others (old fashioned)
- Bureaucracy was too strong
These are ____ aspects of what?
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16.6 Revival of Civil Service
In what year does the Ming dynasty fall? |
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| 1644 is the year that what dynasty fell? |
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