Term
|
Definition
| Time-out from positive reinforcement, or simply time-out, is defined as the withdrawal of the _____ to earn positive reinforcement or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specified time, contingent on the occurrence of a behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time-out is a _____, and it has the effect of reducing the future frequency of the behavior that preceded it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There are two basic types of time-out: _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Within the nonexclusion type, planner ignoring, withdrawal of a specific positive reinforcer, ______, and time-out ribbons are the main methods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Within exclusion time-out, the time--out room, _____, and hallway time-out serve as the principal methods. |
|
|
Term
| Reasons that make time-out desireable |
|
Definition
(a) ease of application
(b) acceptability
(c) rapid suppression of behavior effects
(d) ability to be combined with other approaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The time-in environment must be _____ if time-out is to be effective. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective use of time-out requires that the behaviors leading to, the duration of, and exit criteria for time-out be _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In most applications, _____ is required before time-out can be implemented. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practitioners should be aware of legal and ethical concerns ____ implementing time-out. |
|
|
Term
| positive reductive procedures |
|
Definition
| As a punishment procedure, time-out should be used only after _____ have failed, and with planned monitoring, supervision, and evaluation considerations in place. |
|
|
Term
| specific amount of reinforcement |
|
Definition
| Response cost is a form of punishment in which the loss of a _____ occurs, contingent on the performance of an inappropriate behavior, and results in the decreased probability of the future occurrence of the behavior. |
|
|
Term
| Four Reasons for Implementing Response Cost |
|
Definition
- attractive procedure for practitioners
- moderate-to-rapid suppression of behavior
- convenience
- its ability to be combined with other procedures |
|
|
Term
| Four Methods for Implementing response cost: |
|
Definition
- as a direct fine
- as a bonus
- combined with positive reinforcement
- within a group arrangement |
|
|
Term
| Tips for using Response Cost Effectively |
|
Definition
- determine the immediacy of the fine
- decide whether bonus response cost is a preferred option
- ensure reinforcer reserve
- recognize the potential for unplanned or unexpected outcomes
- avoid overusing response cost
- keep good records on its effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Implementing response cost may increase student _____, produce avoidance responses, affect collateral reductions of desired behaviors, and call attention to the punished behavior. The effects of response cost may also be unpredictable. |
|
|
