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| ribonucleic acid: any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed: the composition of the RNA molecule is identical with that of DNA except for the substitution of the sugar ribose for deoxyribose and the substitution of the nucleotide base uracil for thymine. |
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| the process by which a messenger RNA molecule specifies the linear sequence of amino acids on a ribosome for protein synthesis. |
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| a white, crystalline, water-soluble, slightly sweet solid, C 5 H 1 0 O 5 , a pentose sugar obtained by the hydrolysis of RNA. |
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| is an enzyme that produces RNA. In cells, RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses. In chemical terms, RNAP is a nucleotidyl transferase that polymerizes ribonucleotides at the 3' end of an RNA transcript. |
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| a sequence of three nucleotides in a region of transfer RNA that recognizes a complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation by the ribosomes in protein biosynthesis. |
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a. a site on a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.
b. a gene sequence that activates transcription. |
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| a covalent bond formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, with the removal of a molecule of water. |
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| any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group, –NH 2 , and one carboxyl group, –COOH: the alpha-amino acids, RCH(NH 2 )COOH, are the building blocks from which proteins are constructed. |
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a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.
b. an individual, species, or the like, resulting from such a departure. |
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| to replace (one or more elements or groups in a compound) by other elements or groups. |
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| a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost. |
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| a type of chromosomal aberration in which a region of the chromosome is repeated. |
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| a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material from one chromosome becomes heritably linked to another chromosome. |
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| the process by which genetic information on a strand of DNA is used to synthesize a strand of complementary RNA |
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| Protein Synthesis is where DNA formats to produce amino acids and proteins. This happens in two parts, transcription and translation. The DNA transcribes (in nucleus) to RNA and then the RNA translates (in cytoplasm) to protein |
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| a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule. |
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| Biochemistry . a pyrimidine base, C 4 H 4 N 2 O 2 , that is one of the fundamental components of RNA, in which it forms base pairs with adenine. Symbol: U |
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| A termination signal is found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA. It is needed because only parts of the chromosome are transcribed. The beginning part is started at the promoter and then ended at the termination signal |
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| a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds and having a molecular weight of up to about 10,000. |
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| conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein |
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| a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence. |
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| a mutation caused by frameshift. |
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a. the manner or place of attachment, as of an organ.
b. attachment of a part or organ, with special reference to the site or manner of such attachment. |
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| any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism |
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| a type of chromosomal aberration in which the position of a segment of the chromosome is changed in such a way that the linear order of the genes is reversed. Compare chromosomal aberration. |
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| a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation. |
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