Term
| How many vertebra in the spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many discs in the spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lordosis in cervical and lumbar
kyphosis in thoracic and sacrum |
|
|
Term
| functional unit of the spinal colum consist sof what |
|
Definition
| 2 vertebra, 1 disc, and the articulating facets |
|
|
Term
| what is the body of the vertebra |
|
Definition
trabecular bone with compact bone cover
resists compressive load |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 arches of the spinal column/vertebra |
|
Definition
pedicle
lamina
tranverse process
spinous process
vertebral foramen |
|
|
Term
| arches: what is the role of the pedicle (2) |
|
Definition
connect body to posterior element
transmits bending force from posterior elements to body |
|
|
Term
| arches: what is the role of the lamina (2) |
|
Definition
vertical plate that is the central portion of the arch
transmit force from articular, transverse and spinous process to the pedicles |
|
|
Term
| arches: role of teh transverse processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arches: role of the spinous process (3) |
|
Definition
muscle attachments
lever
mechanical block |
|
|
Term
| arches: role of the vertebral foramen |
|
Definition
| opening between teh body and neural arch, passage for neural structures |
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|
Term
| Describe the body of the cervical vertebrae: anterior/posterior surfaces |
|
Definition
anterior convex
posterior surface is flat |
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|
Term
| Describe the body of the cervical vertebrae: superior surface |
|
Definition
| saddle shapped d/t uncinate process |
|
|
Term
| Describe the body of the thoracic vertebrae: |
|
Definition
| 2 demifacets for articulation with ribs on posteiror lateral corners of the plateau |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosus
vertebral endplate |
|
|
Term
| disc: characterteristics of the nucleus pulposus |
|
Definition
| gelatinous (has viscoelastic properties) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the body of the cervical vertebrae: what is the endpalte |
|
Definition
| cartilaginous layer above and below |
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: % water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: high water content implies what type of applicability |
|
Definition
| viscoelastic applicability |
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|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: what makes up 65% of the dry weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: what attracts H20 to the nucleus pulposus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: presence of what types of colalgen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: which collagen dominates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus pulposus: why does type 2 collagen dominate |
|
Definition
| d/t resistance to compressive loads |
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|
Term
| Annulus fibrosis: 50-60% dry weight is what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20% of the dry weight of the annulus fibrosus is what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Annulus fibrosis: which collagen dominates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Annulus fibrosis: why does type 1 collagen dominate |
|
Definition
| yields resistance to tensile loads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: covers what top and bottom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: is strongly attached to _____ but not the _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: consists of what tissue types (2) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: which tissue type is closest to the pulposus? hyaline or fibrocartilage |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: with age, what tissue type dominates the endplate, hyaline or fibrocartialge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end plates: fibrocartilage resists what force |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the outer 1/3 of the annulus fibrosis is innervated by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 articulations of the cervical spine |
|
Definition
cartilagionous (symphysis)
synovial (diarthrodial) facets |
|
|
Term
| 6 motions of the vertebra |
|
Definition
side to side (glide)
axial distraction/compression
anterior-posterior translation
side to side rotation (tilting)
rotation
anteroposterior rotaiton |
|
|
Term
| side to side (glide) is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axial distraction/compression is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antero-posterior translation is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side side rotation (tiliting) is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rotation is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anteroposterior rotation is in what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cervical facet articulation (2) |
|
Definition
45 degree incline above the horizontal
parallel to the frontal plane |
|
|
Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament is compressed in what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior longitudinal ligamnet is stretched in what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior longtiudinal ligamnet is stretched in what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior longitudinal ligamnet is compressed in what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does spinal movement depend on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| facet and interbody motion are interdepdent: amount of motion is dependent mostly on what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| facet and interbody motion are interdepdent: direction is dependent on what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vertebral disc allows for what type of motions |
|
Definition
| tilting which greatly increases ROM |
|
|
Term
| without a disc what is the only vertebral motion allowed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is spinal extension limited to |
|
Definition
| bony checks (spinous process and the height of the disc) |
|
|
Term
| what is spinal flexion limited by |
|
Definition
| supraspinous and interspinous ligaments and disc height |
|
|
Term
| spinal sidebending: what is the motion of the superior vertebra |
|
Definition
| tilts laterally and rotates over the lower vertebra |
|
|
Term
| spinal sidebending: what limits sidebending |
|
Definition
| intertransverse ligaments |
|
|
Term
| spinal sidebending: what does the facet opposite the concavity do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinal sidebending: what happens on the facet on the side of the concavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is axial compression caused by (4) |
|
Definition
gravity
GRFs
ligaments
muscles |
|
|
Term
| what resists the majority of teh forces from axial compression (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what resists the reamining forces from axial comrpession (not discs and vertebral bodies) [2] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after age 40 what carries 55% or more of teh compressive load d/t trabecular bone strength and stifness decresaing as bone density decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pressure on the nucleus pulposus pushes on what 2 structures (2) |
|
Definition
annulus fibrosus
end plate |
|
|
Term
| when taking axial compression, which of these structures can take the least load: pulposus, fibrosis, end plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| failure of teh end plate results in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disc creep yields loss of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disc creep yields loss of height which leeds to what bearing mroe axial load (3) |
|
Definition
neural arch
ligaments
facets |
|
|
Term
| a change in the structures takign axial load will shift what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shifting of the posterior disc as a result of disc creep will yield what (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| features of teh Atlas (C1) [3] |
|
Definition
no vertebral body
no spinous process
internal facet for the odontoid |
|
|
Term
| feature of the axis (C2) [1] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atlanto-axial jt is what type of jt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many synovial jts are present in the atlanto-axial jt? what are they |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| additional structure present in teh atlanto-axial jt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 ligaments present in the cervical spine |
|
Definition
ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligament
supraspinous ligament |
|
|
Term
| cervical discs have the same features except: what is different about the fibrosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cervical discs have the same features except: anteiror vs posterior differences |
|
Definition
anteriorly thick
thin posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| the uncovertebral jt of the cervical spine forms by what age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: are what type of jts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: in the sagittal plane what is the shape of the inferior surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: in teh sagittal plane what is the shape of the superior surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: dominant motion of the sagittal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: shape of the inferior surface in the frontal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interbody jts of the cervical region: shape of teh superior surface in the frontal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zygagopophyseal (facet) jts: are what type of jts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zygagopophyseal (facet) jts: contain what type of meniscoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zygagopophyseal (facet) jts: characteristic of the jt capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zygagopophyseal (facet) jts: orienation |
|
Definition
| 45 degrees to the horizontal |
|
|
Term
| in addition to flex/ext/SB/rot there are also these motions of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C0-C1 is the nodding jt and its total motion is limited by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 55% of cervical rotation occurs at what level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upper cervical motion coupling: SB is coupled with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upper cervical motion coupling: rotation is coupled with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower cervical (C3-C7) motion is depenent on what |
|
Definition
| shape of the facets and the interbody jt |
|
|
Term
| lower cervical motion: flexion is accompanied by what |
|
Definition
| anterior tilt and translation |
|
|
Term
| lower cervical motion: why is cervical flexion accompanied by anterior tilt and translation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower cervical motion: ext is accompanied by what motions (2) |
|
Definition
| posterior tilt and translation |
|
|
Term
| lower cervical motion: SB is coupled with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower cervical motion: rotation is coupled with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disc dehydration adn degeneration results in disc shrinkage resulting in facets moving closer together, this results in the facets NOT the discs taking axial load |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: compression (3) |
|
Definition
jefferson fx
multipart atlas fx
multipart vertebral body fx |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: compression-flexion (2) |
|
Definition
burst fx
wedge compression fx |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: compression-extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: tension |
|
Definition
| occiptioatlantal dislocation |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: tension-extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: flexion moment (3) |
|
Definition
hyperflexion sprain
bilateral facet dislocation
unilateral facet dislocation |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: extension moment (4) |
|
Definition
hangman's fx
anterior longituidinal ligamentous rupture
disc rupture
horiziontal fx of vertebral body |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: torsion (2) |
|
Definition
atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation
atalantoaxial unilateral facet discloation |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: horizontal shear |
|
Definition
| transverse ligament rupture |
|
|
Term
| Injuries of the C spine: multiple mechanisms (3) |
|
Definition
odontoid fx
teardrop fx
clay shoveler's fx |
|
|
Term
| disruption of musculature from an anterior or posterior direction when doing an anterior/posterior cervical fusion |
|
Definition
| less mm disrupted anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-occiptal jt: structural classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-occiptal jt: movements available |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-occiptal jt: plane of motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-occiptal jt: axial and planar characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebral column Atlanto-axial jt: structural classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebral column Atlanto-axial jt: movement |
|
Definition
rotation right
rotation left |
|
|
Term
| vertebral column Atlanto-axial jt: plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebral column Atlanto-axial jt: axial and planar characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertebral bodies structural classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| articular processes C2-L5 structural classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C2-L5 vertebral bodies and articular processes: sagittal motions |
|
Definition
flexion
extension
hyperextension |
|
|
Term
| C2-L5 vertebral bodies and articular processes: frontal motions |
|
Definition
lateral flexion right
lateral flexion left |
|
|
Term
| C2-L5 vertebral bodies and articular processes: transverse motions |
|
Definition
rotation right
rotation left |
|
|
Term
| C2-L5 vertebral bodies and articular processes: axial and planar characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vertebral body made up of |
|
Definition
| trabecular bone with compact bone cover |
|
|
Term
| what load does the vertebral body resist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit of the vertebra: 4 item summary |
|
Definition
2 vertebrae
1 disc
articulating facets |
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: what are the ligaments (5) |
|
Definition
post longitudinal
anterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligmanet |
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: structures between the vertebral bodies (2) |
|
Definition
disc
cartilaginous endplate |
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: processes (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: structure between the vertebral body and the spinous process on the posterolateral surface (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: structure above and below the IVD and its endplate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: 2 intervertebral structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional unit: 14 structures: structure that connects the SP to the vertebral body |
|
Definition
|
|
