Term
| CNS medication characteristics |
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Definition
| have strong addiction property, dosages and medications may need to be updated and CNS can alter and change, many have unknown mechanisms, SE/AR can diminish over time without effecting therapeutic effects- withdrawl can be seen with these |
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Term
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Definition
This is a disease from a disorder of the extrapyramidal system
This is a complex neuronal network that helps regulate movement
Dyskinesias may result from dysfunction (tremor at rest, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia
Severe cases can move to akinesia.
Psychological disturbances can also occur such as: dementia, depression and impaired memory.
Usually the onset of S/S is middle age with slow and steady progression. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, nerves the supply dopamine are damaged- in dopa absence aectyl is allowed to accumulate which leads to excessive movements. meds act to replace missing dopamine |
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Term
| Parkinsons therapeutic goal |
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Definition
| improve patients ability to perform ADLS. there is no cure, so meds help to improve the S/S. restore balance of dopamine and acetylcholine. |
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Term
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Definition
Levadopa ( dopar, larodopa) The DOC and diagnostic tool.
~75% experience ~50% reduction in S/S
A dx of PD should be questioned if a +response to this med is not noted.
The complete effect may take several months and has been shown to last only for a few years, usually the decline in functioning is noted due to the progression of the PD and not a tolerance for this med |
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Term
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Definition
This med is absorbed to the junction taking the place of dopamine.
It has no direct effect, however, is converted to the active form of dopamine and helps to restore the imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
N/V
Dyskinesias
Postural hypotension (can be helped by inc Na and H20 intake)
Psychosis (~20%)
Darken sweat and urine (harmless S/S) |
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Term
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Definition
Sinemet (levodopa with carbidopa)
N/V
Dyskinesias
Postural hypotension (can be helped by dec Na and H20 intake)
Psychosis (~20%)
Darken sweat and urine (harmless S/S) |
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Term
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Definition
directly activate the dopamine receptors, mild to mod PD S/S, #1 med less effective the Levodopa but has less SE.
Ropinirole (Requip)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) |
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Definition
cause not knows. two thoughts
1. neuronal degeneration occurs in hippocampus.
2. sig degeneration of neurons in cerebral cortex will lead to complete loss of self care. |
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Term
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Definition
| normal human lose with aging- but with advanced Alz its up to 90%. ACh important transmitter in hippocampus and cortex- forms memories |
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Term
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Definition
Age (90% of all AD patients are ≥ 65)
Heredity
Risk doubles every subsequent decade of life
Female (although might be because females tend to live longer)
Low educational level
Past head injury (TBI)
Smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| short term mem loss, agitation, confusion, disorientation, impaired judgement, loss of waste functions, dec able to self care and death |
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Term
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Definition
Cholinesterase inhibitors (prevent the breakdown of ACh and subsequently increase availability at the cholinergic synapses)
Used for mild to moderate severity
Does not cure, may slow progression
Donepezil (Aricept) |
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Term
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Definition
Used for moderate to severe AD
Helps the effects of glutamate (a CNS excitatory transmitter) which can enhance learning and memory |
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Definition
Possible protective mechanism (studies on-going)
Ibuprofen, Naproxyn, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found to be effective yet not as great as the NSAID’s |
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