Term
|
Definition
ATP-producing catabolic pathway in which both electron donor and acceptor are organic compounds.
Can be anaerobic.
Results in partial degradation of sugars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Combustion of Methane
(Equation) |
|
Definition
| CH4 + 2O2 > CO2+ 2H2O + Energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) |
|
Definition
| Electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) that functions as a coenzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that catalyzes NAD+ reduction by removing 2H, delivering 2e- and 2p+, and releasing 1p+ |
|
|
Term
| In the ETC, ATP synthesis is powered by |
|
Definition
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
| The final e- acceptor in the ETC |
|
Definition
| oxygen (highest electronegativity) |
|
|
Term
| Glycolysis takes place in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Net reactions of glycolysis |
|
Definition
Glucose > 2P
2ADP + 2P > 2ATP
2NAD+ > 2NADH + 2P+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Energy-investment phase: the cell uses ATP to phosphorylate the intermediates of glycolysis.
Energy-yielding phase: two 3-carbon sugars are oxidized |
|
|
Term
| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
|
Definition
ATP production by direct enzymatic transfer of phosphate from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
2 produced in glycolysis, 2 in the Krebs cycle |
|
|
Term
| Between Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Pyruvate is transfered into the mitochondrion by facilitated diffusion
2. A multi-enzyme complex removes CO2, oxidizes the 2-C fragment into acetate, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and attaches CoA to the acetyl group. The bond is unstable and therefore reactive. |
|
|
Term
| Krebs Cycle occurs in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remaining acetyl fragments of acetyl CoA into CO2 |
|
|
Term
1 mol NADH >
1 mol FADH2 > |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NADH and FADH2 pass e-s down electronegativity gradient to O:
2 NADH > 1 O2 reduced to 2 H2O, FADH2 lower
Generates proton gradient across inner membrane that stores potential energy that can be used to form ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mechanism for coupling exergonic e- flow down an ETC tot he endergonic process of ATP production by creating proton gradient across the membrane
Coupling between chemical and transport processes (phosphorylation and proton transport) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that makes ATP by using the proton gradient |
|
|
Term
| ETC creates a proton gradient by |
|
Definition
pumping H+ from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space
maintainable because inner membrane is impermeable to H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential energy stored in proton gradient |
|
|
Term
| Max. ATP produced in eukaryotic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
