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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
CHAPETER 7
17
Biology
9th Grade
03/30/2010

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Term
Cellular Resperation
Definition
complex process in which the cells make aenosine triphosphate by breaking down organic compounds.
Term
pyruvic acid
Definition
the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycosis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycosis
Term
NADH
Definition
the reduced form of NAD+: an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
describes a process that does not require oxygen
Term
aerobic repiration
Definition
the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP ; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen
Term
glycolysis
Definition
the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
Term
NAD+
Definition
(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADPH
Term
fermentation
Definition
the break down of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacterias, yeasts, or mold in the abscence of oxygen
Term
lactic acid fermentation
Definition
the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
Term
alcholic fermentation
Definition
the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.
Term
kilocalorie
Definition
a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories
Term
mitochondrial matrix
Definition
the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Term
acetyl CoA
Definition
acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism.
Term
Krebs cycle
Definition
a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterical, and plant cells, and it releases energy
Term
oxaloacetic acid
Definition
a four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid
Term
citric acid
Definition
a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs Cycle.
Term
FAD
Definition
flavatine adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts like a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions
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