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Cells
cells.
45
Biology
9th Grade
10/29/2009

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
-All living things composed of cells
-basic units of structure and function
-new cells produced from existing ones
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Large membrane-enclosed structure that countaines DNA. control center of cell.
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
cells that contain nuclei
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
cells that do not contain nuclei (bacteria)
Term
Organelles
Definition
Structures that act as if specialized organs in a cell
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
portion of cell outside the nucleus
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
two membranes that enclose the nucleus
Term
Chromatin
Definition
granular material inside nucleus that consists of DNA bound to protein
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Threadlike structures that contain genetic info passed from one generation of cells to the next
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Small, dense region inside nucleus that assembles ribosomes
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. produce protein
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.
Term
Rough E.R
Definition
Ribosomes found on surface. chemically modifies ribosomes
Term
Smooth E.R.
Definition
Collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the e.r for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
small organelles filled the enzymes, breakdown lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. removes junk (found in animal cells only)
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
saclike structures that store materials (water!)
Term
Contractile Vacuole
Definition
Pumps excess water out of cell
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of a controlled internal environment
Term
mitochondria
Definition
convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
capture energy from sunlight and convert it in photosynthesis. (contain chlorophyll)
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape. (involves in movement)
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
support cell, help it move. made of protein called actin
Term
Microtubules
Definition
made of proteins called tubulins. maintain cell shape and help cell division
Term
centrioles
Definition
located near nucleus. help to organize cell division
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
thin, flexible barrier made of double layered sheet called lipid bilayer that surround cells. regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Term
Cell wall
Definition
in plant cells and some others. produce strong supporting layer around the membrane
Term
Cell membrane composition
Definition
Lipid bilayer, embedded proteins, carbohydrate molecules attached to many proteins. carbs act as ID cards
Term
cell wall composition
Definition
made of cellulose, carbs, and proteins
Term
Diffusion
Definition
When particles move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
Concentration of solute is the same throughout a system
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Concentration same inside and outside
Term
hypertonic
Definition
higher solute concentration than the cell, water LEAVING
Term
hypotonic
Definition
lower solute concentration than cell, water IN
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
cell membrane helps diffusion across membrane.
Term
passive transport
Definition
no energy required for process
Term
active transport
Definition
energy required for process. pumps/transport proteins generally used. large molecules need this
Term
endocytosis
Definition
infoldings of the cell membrane takes material into cell. forms vacuole in cytoplasm
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it in a food vacuole. cell engulfs it,
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
tiny pockets form along membrane, fill with liquid and pinch off to form vactuoles
Term
exocytosis
Definition
cells release large amounts of material. membrane of vacuole fuses with cell membrane forcing contents out
Term
tissue
Definition
group of similar cells that perform specific function
Term
organ
Definition
group of tissues that work together
Term
organ system
Definition
group of organs that work together to perform specific function
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