• DNA
• RNA
• Ribosomes (manufacture proteins)
• proteins
• cytoplasm
• cell membrane

Biology: The Essentials; pg 74-75

so nutrients, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste products enter or leave through its surface. Needs to be small enough to efficiently carry out the many metabolic/life processes.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 75

Bacteria: prokaryotic, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, membrane chemistry: fatty acids

Archaea: prokaryotic, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, membrane chemistry: nonfatty acid lipids

Eukarya: eukaryotic, has nucleus and membrane bound organelles, membrane chemistry: fatty acids. cell wall chemistry: cellulose/chitin (if any)

Protista: unicellular, sometimes use photosynthesis; amoeba, paramacium

Fungi: unicellular or multicellular; do not use photosynthesis; mushrooms, yeast

Plantae: multicellular, use photosynthesis, have cell wall

Animalia: multicellular, do not use photosynthesis, no cell wall

http://www.earthlife.net/kingdom.html

separates cytoplasm form outside of cell. transports substances in and out of cell.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 78

surrounds membrane, protects cell, keeps it from bursting, gives it shape (not in animal cells)

Biology: The Essentials; pg 76

nucleus: contains DNA information & recipes for every protein cells can make, starts process of milk production and secretion

nuclear pores: point of exit for mRNA, holes in the nuclear envelope

nuclear envelope: separates nucleus form cytoplasm

BiologY: The Essentials; pg 80

extract energy from nutrients via cellular respiration. This occurs in the highly folded inner membrane, of the double membrane. have their own DNA and ribosomes.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 85

plant organelle where photosynthesis occurs. contains multiple membrane layers.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 84

manufacture proteins, free floating in cytoplasm, on surface of rough ER

Biology: The Essentials; pg 81

anchor for ribsosomes, mRNA, and paritally made proteins during protein synthesis

Biology: The Essentials; pg 81

contains enzymes that manufacture lipids (yellow spheres), detoxifies drugs and poisons, in muscle cells, deliver calcium ions

Biology: The Essentials; pg 82

stack of flat, membrane enclosed sacs where proteins complete synthesis by folding into functional shapes. manufacture and attach carbohydrates to proteins and lipids. it also sorts and processes proteins.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 82

diverse moledules drift freely among bilayer phospholipids that is interspersed with proteins which create passageways that water-soluble molecules can pass through. sterols (cholesterol in animal cells) maintain fluidity. 

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Fluid_mosaic_model

an intricate network of protein tracks and tubules, transportation system, provides structural support , aids in cell division, helps connect cells together

Biology: The Essentials

composed of protein- tubulin.

pull duplicated chromosomes apart. trackway for proteins to move rapidly about the cell.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 86

composed of protein subuinits. form internal scaffold in cytoplams, resist mechanical stress. help bind some cells together. diameter is in-between those of microfilaments and nicrotubules.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 86

long rod composed of protein actin. provide strength for cells to survive sstretching and compression. anchor cells to one another.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 86

kinesin, dyenin, myosin

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22572/

cell junctions: 

tight junction

fuse cells together, form impermeable "blood-brain" barrier prevents harmful subtances from entering the brain

Biology: The Essentials; pg 88

protein channel, links cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing exchange of ions, nutrients, small molecules. link heart muscle cells together to allow in sync contraction.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 88

This matrix is composed of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted locally and assembled into an organized meshwork in close association with the surface of the cell that produced them.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26810/

a layer of polysaccharides outside of the cell wall in some bacterias. aids against drying out, resists against host's immune system.

Biology: The Essentials; pg 97

transport proteins: embedded in phospholipid bilayer, create passageways for ions to pass

enzymes: proteins that facilitate chemical reactions that otherwise would proceed to slowly to sustain life

recognition proteins: carbohydrates attached to surface proteins serving as name tags for the body's immune system to recognize its own cells

receptors: bind to hormones and other molecules outside the cell to trigger a response inside the cell.

adhesion proteins: membrane proteins the enable cells to stick together.

how hydrophobic molecules transport through membrane because they are similar to the phospholipid center of membrance

Biology: The Essentials; pg 121