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Cells
Test on October 15, 2012
37
Biology
9th Grade
10/14/2012

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Term
Cells
Definition
Basic Unit of Living Organisms
Term
Compound Light Microscope
Definition
Series of lenses to magnify objects
Term
Electron Microscope
Definition
Allows to see inside of the cells
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structures and organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Term
Organelles
Definition
Small, specialized structures
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Doesn't contain membrane-bound organelles! No nucleus and very small
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
Contain membrane-bound organelles! Has a nucleus and is complex
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Central membrane-bound that manages functions
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Flexible boundaries between the cell and it's environment
Term
Selective Permeability
Definition
Allows some molecules to pass while keeping others out
Term
Things in Plasma Membrane
(Must name all)
Definition
1. Phospholipid
2. Transport Proteins
3. Cheslotoral
Term
Transport Proteins
Definition
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane
Term
Channel Proteins
Definition
Creates channel opening to enter/leave the cell
Term
Carrier Proteins
Definition
Changes shape to let in or out molecules into the cell
Term
Fluid Mosaic Model
Definition
A model that is flexible and colorful!
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Farily ridged structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides support and protection. ONLY IN PLANT CELLS! Very porous and made of Cellulose
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Condensed form of DNA
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Relaxed form of DNA
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
Double membrane that protects the Nucleus
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Produces Ribosomes
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Sites where the cell produces protein to DNA, Not membrane-bound!
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Clear, Gelatinous fluid inside of the cell
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Definition
The site of cellular reactions; 2 forms!
Term
Rough E.R.
Definition
Studded with ribosomes to produce proteins
Term
Smooth E.R.
Definition
Produces lipids
Term
Golgi Apparatus
(AKA - Post Office)
Definition
Flattens stack of tubular membranes that modifies the proteins
Term
Vesticles
Definition
Small membrane sacks made by the Golgi Apparatus that carries proteins to various cells
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Membrane-bound compartments
Only in plants
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Organelles that contains digestive enzymes, eliminates the cell when attacked or not useful.
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Capture and Converts into light energy!
Contains Thylakoids, Grana, and the liquid Stroma.
Term
Mitochordria
Definition
Membrane-bounded organelles in plants and animal's cells that transforms energy.
Breaks down food to ATP molecules!
Uses cellular respiration!
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
A network of tiny rods and filaments to hold the cell together
Term
Microtubules
Definition
Thin, hollow cylinders made of proteins
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
Small, Solid protein fibers
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Important role for division, made of microtubules!
Term
Cilia
Definition
Short numerous hairlike projections
Term
Flagella
Definition
Long projections that move like a whip!
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