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Cells and Heredity Chapter 1
Cell Structure and Function
30
Science
7th Grade
07/05/2011

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Term
Cell
Definition
the basic unit of structure and function in living things
Term
Microscope
Definition
an instrument that makes small objects look larger
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
Term
Organelle
Definition
a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell
Term
Nucleus
Definition
a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the the cell can use to carry out its functions
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
Term
Ribosome
Definition
a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made
Term
Golgi Body
Definition
a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
Term
Vacuole
Definition
a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Term
Lysosome
Definition
a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones
Term
Element
Definition
any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Term
Compound
Definition
two or more elements that are chemically combined
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Protein
Definition
large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins
Term
Enzyme
Definition
a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
Term
Lipid
Definition
energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life
Term
DNA
Definition
the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
Term
RNA
Definition
a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
Term
Active Transport
Definition
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy
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