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Cell
structure and function
34
Biology
10th Grade
09/21/2006

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Term
Cell
Definition
Basic structural and functional unit of life.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Outer most covering of a plant cell. Supports and protects cells in plants.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Outer most covering of an animal cell. Regulates what goes in and out of cells
Term
Selectively permeable membrane
Definition
Allows only selected substances to pass through it. Ex. Cell membrane.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Fluid filling the space between cell membrane and nuclear membrane. Houses all the organelles
Term
Nucleus
Definition
(Admin of the cell) Controls Cell Processes and contains genetic material
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Found inside the nucleus. Where ribosomes are made.
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Membrane around the nucleus, controls what goes in and out of nucleus
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxy ribonucleic acid. The genetic material.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
DNA + protein in long string like fashion
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
condensed chromatin.
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribo nucleic acid
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
RNA + Protein; helps in protein synthesis.
Term
Organelle
Definition
Little membrane bound structure found in the cytoplasm.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Network of tubes helps in transport of materials and modifies proteins and lipids.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Modify, sort and package proteins for use in cell and export
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
(suicidal bags) Sac like structure, contain enzymes to digest and breakdown molecules, old organelles/toxins
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Storage Space, Very Large in Plants
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
(Power house of the cell) Convert food energy into a form of energy the cell can use - ATP
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
(kitchen of the plant cell): Photosynthesis takes place in here.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Network of protein filaments that help cell have shape, support and movement.
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Help direct cell division in animal cells
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of molecules from area of their higher concentration to the area of their lower concentration.
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Cell without a nucleus or other internal organelles
Term
Eukaryotic cell
Definition
Cell with a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. all living things made of cells 2. Cells come from pre-existing cells 3. cells are fundamental unit of living things
Term
Osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane.
Term
Isotonic solution
Definition
A solution with the same concentration as the other solution.
Term
Hypo tonic solution
Definition
solution less strong than the other solution.
Term
Hyper tonic solution
Definition
solution stronger than the other solution.
Term
Active transport
Definition
energy is required to move the materials from one place to other.
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
substances are transported without spending any energy.
Term
Unicellular organism
Definition
organism made of one cell only.
Term
Multicellular organism
Definition
Organism made of many cells.
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