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Cell Structure and Transport
biology vocab
37
Biology
10th Grade
11/20/2008

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
Term
Micrograph
Definition
photograph of the view through a microscope
Term
Organelle
Definition
part of a cell with specific function
Term
Plasma membrane
Definition
thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
Term
Nucleus
Definition
in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Term
Cell wall
Definition
strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
Term
Prokaryotic cell
Definition
cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
Term
Eukaryotic cell
Definition
cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
Term
Phospholipids bilayer
Definition
two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell
Term
Diffusion
Definition
net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction
Term
Selectively permeable membrane
Definition
membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks th passage of some substances altogether
Term
Passive transport
Definition
diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell
Term
Facilitated diffusion
Definition
pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane
Term
Osmosis
Definition
passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
having higher concentration of solute than another solution
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Term
Isotonic
Definition
having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution
Term
Active transport
Definition
movement of molecules across membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
Term
Vesicle
Definition
small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane
Term
Nuclear envelope
Definition
double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus
Term
Ribosome
Definition
cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produce a variety of molecules
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products
Term
Vacuole
Definition
membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus
Term
Lysosome
Definition
membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharide
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs
Term
ATP
Definition
(adenosine triphosphate)main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Term
Microtubule
Definition
straight, hollow tube of proteins that fives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell
Term
Microfilament
Definition
solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape
Term
Flagella
Definition
long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
Term
Cilia
Definition
short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
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