Term
| What piece of technology has greatly advanced the study of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 structures that ALL cell have: including prokaryotes and eukryotes (animal and plant cells). |
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Definition
| Membrane, cytoplasm, Ribosomes, DNA |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| All organisms are made of cells, existing produced by living, basic unit of life |
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Term
| Give an example of a prokaryotic organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle carries out cellular respiration for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is produced as a result of cellular respiration? (What are the products of the reaction?) |
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Definition
| Atp, carbon dioxide, water |
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Term
| What is needed for cellular respiration to occur? (What are the reactants of the reaction?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle carries out photosynthesis for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is needed for photosynthesis to occur? (What are the reactants of the reaction?) |
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Definition
| Sunlight, carbon dioxide, water |
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Term
| What is produced as a result of photosynthesis? (What are the products of the reaction?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Why are they said to be complementary processes? |
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Definition
| Cellular respiration uses oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis, they work together |
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Term
| Do plants carry out cellular respiration, photosynthesis, or both? Explain. |
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Definition
| both, and they take place in the mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
| Describe the make-up of the cell membrane. |
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Definition
| cholesterol, protein, phospholipids |
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Term
| Why is the cell membrane said to be selectively permeable? |
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Definition
| Some molecules can pass through the membrane while others can't. |
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Term
| What is the name of the model that scientists use to describe the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why transport proteins are a necessary component of the cell membrane |
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Definition
| They make it easier to enter and exit the cell |
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Term
| Which part of a phospholipid is attracted to water (polar) and which part repels water (nonpolar)? |
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Definition
| Polar is the head, non polar is the tail |
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Term
| What is the function of a receptor protein? |
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Definition
| It detects a signal molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Its what a receptor binds to |
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Term
| Name 3 key differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of DNA? Where in the cell can it be found? |
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Definition
| Helps make proteins in the nucleus |
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Term
| Which organelle is the packaging and distribution center of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of a lysosome? |
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Definition
| Digest and recycle foreign materials |
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Term
| What is the term for the jelly-like substane that fills the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for specialized structures that work together inside a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell component is on the surface of the rough ER (what makes it appear rough)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle makes protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle makes ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two organelles that contain their own DNA and are sites of engergy conversion in cells. |
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Definition
| chloroplasts and mitochondria |
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Term
| What is the function of mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Generates energy for cells |
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Term
| Name two major differences between plant and animal cells. |
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Definition
| Cell wall, chloroplasts and central vacuole |
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Term
| What is the smallest until of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two functions of the cell membrane. |
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Definition
| Controls passage of materials and forms a boundary between a cell |
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Term
| What type of protein receives a message from a ligand (ex. hormone, allergen or drug)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle functions by transporting proteins throughout the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle's function is water storage in a plant cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is the energy currency of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| When you eat a cheeseburger, which cell organelle processes that food into a usable form of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell organelle can convert light energy into chemical energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of microscope can be used to see the tiny structures inside of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what is meant by concentration gradient. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process of diffusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of diffusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what occurs when a cell is in an isotonic solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three types of osmotic solutions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what would happen to a cell placed in a strong salt solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would potato cores soaked in a 10% salt solution decrease in size? |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to a few snow days, students left their potato core in a solution for almost a week! When they took the potato core out, it fell apart in their hands. What type of solution was it in? How do you know? |
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Definition
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Term
| By what process does water diffuse into and out of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Frog cells and human cells are placed in a 0.8% salt solution. The frog cells swell and burst while the human cells shrink. Explain. |
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Definition
| Frog cells are probably smaller than human cells |
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Term
| What do facilitated diffusion and "pumps" have in common? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does over-fertilization wilt plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which forms of passive transport require energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between active and passive transport? |
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Definition
| Active goes from low to high concentration, passive is movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy from the cell |
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Term
| Explain endo- and exocytosis and whether or not the processes require energy. |
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Definition
Endo takes liquids and puts them in the membrane
Exo is the opposite |
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Term
| Name three forms of passive transport. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three forms of active transport. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why might vesicles be used to bring a substance into or out of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a molecule moves into the cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, is it moving by active or passive transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why it is dangerous for humans to drink salt water. |
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Definition
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Term
| When macaroni is boiled in water, it gets soft. Does this represent a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic scenario? |
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Definition
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