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Cell Organelles
Flashcard set of various cell organelles and their functions.
22
Biology
11th Grade
10/08/2011

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Term
Nucleus
Definition
The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Term
Nuclear Membrane
Definition
The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
Term
Nuclear Pore
Definition
openings in the nuclear envelope, diameter about 10 nm, through which molecules (such as nuclear proteins synthesised in the cytoplasm) and rna must pass. Pores are generated by a large protein assembly. Perforations in the [[ Nuclear membrane which allow select materials to flow in and out.
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA
Term
Ribosome
Definition
A sphere-shaped structure found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some ribosomes occur freely in the cytosol whereas others are attached to the nuclear membrane or to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) giving the latter a rough appearance, hence, the name rough ER or rER.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Organelles containing a large range of digestive enzymes used primarily for digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
A cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
a plastid containing chlorophyll.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.
Term
Vacuole
Definition
a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion.
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment
Term
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
(A part of) endoplasmic reticulum that is tubular in form (rather than sheet-like) and lacks ribosomes. Its functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins.
Term
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells. Rough endoplasmic reticula synthesize proteins, while smooth endoplasmic reticula synthesize lipids and steroids, metabolize carbohydrates and steroids (but not lipids), and regulate calcium concentration, drug metabolism, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins.
Term
Golgi Body
Definition
The Golgi apparatus (also Golgi body or the Golgi complex) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells
Term
Chromatin
Definition
the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division.
Term
Microtubules
Definition
a hollow cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most cells, involved in intracellular shape and transport.
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
a minute, narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
Term
Cilia
Definition
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
Term
Flagella
Definition
a tail-like projection that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and functions in locomotion
Term
Centrioles
Definition
a small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
The cell wall is the tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism
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