Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| investigation of cause of dz |
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Term
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Definition
| investigation of underling mechanisms of dz |
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Term
| Cells are capable of what changes? |
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Definition
- number of cells
- phenotype
- size of cells
- metabolic activity
- function of cell
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Term
| physiological adaption is a _____ response. |
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Definition
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Term
| pathological adaptation is an _____ response. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus not severe; cells return to stable baseline |
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Term
| Irreversible cell injury = |
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Definition
| cells pass the point of no return; death of affected cells |
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Term
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Definition
increase in cell size
no new cells, just bigger cells
incapable of dividing
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Term
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Definition
increase in # of cells
capable of replication
can occur with hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
cells shrink in size
results in shrinkage of tissue or organ
cells not dead; may have reduced function |
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Term
| Effects of pathological hyperplasia |
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Definition
endometriosis
papillomas (viral growth factor)
cancer |
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Term
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Definition
decreased work load
loss of innervation (nerve supply)
loss of endocrine stimulation
ischemia (lack of blood supply)
poor nutrition
aging |
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Term
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Definition
| reversible; one adult cell type replaced by another type of adult cell |
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Term
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Definition
| unspecialized cells that can reproduce or divide |
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Term
| Cell injury is reversible if |
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Definition
early stage of injury
mild injury
if stimulus is removed
damage not severe to cell |
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Term
| What are the types of cell death |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- membrane damage to cell is severe
- enzymes leak out of lysosomes and digest cell
- contents leak out of environment causing reaction; inflammation
- Always a pathological process
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Term
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Definition
- cell DNA or proteins are damaged beyond repair
- cell doesnt get growth factors
- cell kills itself and nucleus dissolves
- membrane integrity not completely lost
- a normal, active and regulated function
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Term
| Causes of Cellular Injury |
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Definition
hypoxia
physical agents
chemicals and drugs
infectious agents
immune reaction
genetic defects
nutritional issues |
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Term
| Name the nuclear changes that are easy to detect |
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Definition
pyknosis- nucleus shrinks and becomes dense
karyolysis- nucleus dissolves
karyorrhexis- pyknotic nucleus fragments and disappears in a day or two |
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Term
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Definition
- coagulation necrosis- cytoplasm thickens; cell details lost
- liquefaction necrosis- bacterial & fungal infections; inflammation; digestion of dead cells and production of abcess mass
- caseous necrosis- "cheese like" granulomas; slow progessive type; high wbc never occurs
- fat necrosis- release of enzymes which damage fat; attracts large # of wbc
- gangrenous necrosis- combination of ischemia and a bacterial infection; wet & dry
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Term
| 3 types of dividing cells |
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Definition
- labile cells- divide freq. to replace lost cells
- stable cells- fully differentiated and dont divide often
- permanent cells- lose the ability to divide after birth
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Term
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Definition
| absence of or incomplete development of a part due to deficient growth |
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Term
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Definition
occurs during development, the result of a deficiency of growth and a reduction in size
(ex. panleukopenia and distempter) |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal differentiation or development of a tissue with disordered architecture. often precursor to neoplasia |
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Term
| Intracellular Accumulations |
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Definition
- fatty change- steatosis; accumulates in liver cells; abnormal deposits of triglycerides
- pigments- colored substances; exogenous and endogenous; normal and abnormal
- pathologic calcification- abnormal tissue deposits of calcium salts and other mineral salts; two forms: dystrophic and metastatic calcification
- free radials- chemicals with single unpaired electron in outer orbit
- cellular aging
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