Term
| Adults have around ... different cell types. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eg. of cells that divide constantly... |
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Definition
| Blood, skin, intestinal lining |
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Term
| Eg. of cells that don't normally divide, but can to replace lost cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Eg. of cells that divide in response to signal... |
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Definition
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Term
| Eg. of cells that never divide... |
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Definition
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Term
| Is cell division highly regulated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of keeping cell division in check? |
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Definition
| It allows us to maintain a reasonably constant size and shape throughout our lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inappropriate cell division. |
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Term
| Where is cancer rare and were is it common? |
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Definition
| Rare in children; common in adults. |
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Term
| Do tissues vary in their susceptibility to cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| Mitosis, G1, S1, G2, Mitosis etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell grows in size, prepares for DNA replication. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell prepares for division (mitosis). |
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Term
| What organism is a major tool in studying cell cycle regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is budding yeast so good for studying cell cycle regulation? |
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Definition
| Because you can look at them and see in what stage cycle they are at. |
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Term
| T or F. All proteins can be denatured by excessive heat. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the restrictive temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the permissive temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do temperature-sensitive mutations do? |
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Definition
| They change the protein so that it is inactive at restrictive temperatures and active at permissive temperatures. |
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Term
| At what temperatures are cells wild type and mutant? |
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Definition
| Wild type - 22. Mutant - 36. |
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Term
| How do you screen for cell division mutants? |
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Definition
- haploid cells are treated with a mutagen.
- dilute and spread single cells on nutrient plate at 22 degrees.
- allow cells to grow into colonies.
- imprint colonies into 2 plates.
- grow one of them 22 and the other at 36.
- see which one has the missing colony to determine where the temperature-sensitive mutant is at. |
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Term
| Mutations in different genes result in ... |
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Definition
| ... arrest at different points in the cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyclin dependent protein kinases. |
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Term
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Definition
| They regulate the activity of other proteins by phosphorylation. |
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Term
| What are the roles of cyclins? |
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Definition
- target the CDks to particular substrates.
- are specificity factors. |
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Term
| T or F. Human cells will work in yeast and vice-versa. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the nuclear envelope during mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is an insoluble protein network that provides structure for the nuclear envelope. |
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Term
| What happens in G1 in terms of Rb and E2F? |
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Definition
| Unphosphorylated Rb inhibits E2F. |
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Term
| What is E2F requires for? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Cyclin turns over between phases. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens G2 -> M in terms of controlling the transition? |
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Definition
- CDC2 is kept inactive by kinase until Mitosis.
- Then it is activated by a phosphatase.
- one CDC interacts with many cyclins. |
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Term
| T or F. Cells don't blindly go through the cell cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the checkpoints? |
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Definition
| Cells can stop and make repairs if there are problems. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Can stop the cell cycle before DNA synthesis. |
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Term
| What happens if the damage can't be repaired? |
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Definition
| p53 can induce programmed cell death. |
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Term
| T or F. There is no checkpoint in mitosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F. Checkpoints ensure genome stability. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the human growth hormone have to do with regulating division? |
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Definition
- it's an external factor.
- thyroid stimulating hormone signals the thyroid.
- this increases the production of thyroxine.
- this increases the metabolic rate --> human growth hormone. |
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Term
| What is signal transduction? |
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Definition
| - a basic set up for producing an intracellular response from an extracellular signal. |
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Term
| RAS is inactive when bound to... |
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Definition
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Term
| RAS is active when bound to... |
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Definition
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Term
| When a growth factor attaches to the receptor, RAS ... |
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Definition
| becomes active (by binding to GTP) --> proliferation. |
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