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| proteins that monitor cell growth and division, either causing the cell cycle to continue or to stop |
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| uncontrolled, excessive cell division; developes when cyclins are mutated |
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| a protein that regulates the cell cycle by causing cell death |
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- interphase: G1, S, G2
- mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- cytokinesis
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| cell carries out its normal functions; when it needs to divide, the organelles double |
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| synthesis of DNA; DNA is doubled so each new cell will have its own copy of genetic material |
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| cell builds anything it needs for mitosis, such as enzymes and spindles |
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- chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
- nuclear envelope dissolves
- centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and make spindle fibers
- chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers
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| chromosomes align along the center of the cell at the metaphase plate |
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| sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere to opposite ends of the cell |
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- spindle fibers dissolve
- chromosomes relax into chromatin
- nuclear envelope reforms
- in plant cells, cell plate forms: a precursor to the cell wall
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| division of the cytoplasm |
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-->X
If X is a chromosome, what is the arrow pointing to?
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X
If X is a chromosome, what are the two sides? ( > and < ) |
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| What are the sides of a DNA molecule made up of? |
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- phosphate
- deoxyribose (a sugar)
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| What are the rungs of a DNA molecule made up of? |
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- Bases: purines and pyrimidines
- Purines include adenine and guanine
- Pyrimidines include cytosine and thymine
- A and T base pair
- C and G base pair
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| What hold together complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule? |
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- DNA molecule seperates into 2 strands
- DNA polymerase (an enzyme) joins nucleotides with the rules of base pairing to create new strands, and proofreads these strands
- the result is 2 DNA molecules, each with one parent (old) strand and one daughter (new) strand
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