Term
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Definition
| activation domain, binds transcriptional activators |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 Zn finger motifs, most conserved |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Transcription DNA --> premRNA
2) Rna processing, premRNA --> mRNA
3) export of mRNA to cytoplasm
4) translation of mRNA --> protein
5) protein modification-chemical modification, degradation
6) degradation of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| regulatory regions called response elements bind to specific transcription factors |
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Term
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Definition
Tata box
-located 25-35 bp before start site
-binds Tata binding protein
-positions RNA polymerase II on DNA
CpG islands
-CG rich sequences 20-50bp before start site
-binds SP-1 transcription |
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Term
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Definition
CRE-cAMP response element
Nuclear receptor response element-includes steroid hormones |
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Term
| Overview of mRNA processing |
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Definition
- Transcription, 5' capping by RNA polymerase
- Cleavage at Poly A site by endonuclease
- Polyadenylation by PAP + ATP
- RNA splicing-left with 5' utr to + sign, then ORF to * and then 3'UTR
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Term
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Definition
| inverted repeat, homodimers |
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Term
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Definition
| direct repeats, heterodimers |
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Term
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Definition
- Transcription factor: Smads
- Mechanism: phosphorylation in cytosol by activated receptor
- Ligand: TGF Beta
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Term
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Definition
- Transcription factor: STATs
- Mechanism: phosphorylation in cytosol by Jak kinase
- Ligands: Epo and prolactin
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Term
| Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTKs) |
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Definition
- Transcription factor: various
- Mechanism: phosphorylation by cytosolic kinase in nucleus or cytosol
- Ligands: Growth factors
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Term
| G protein coupled receptors |
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Definition
- Transcription factor: CREB
- Mechanism: phosphorylation in nucleus by protein kinase A
- Ligands: Epinephrine and Glucagon
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Term
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Definition
- Transcripton factor: B-catenin
- Mechanism: disassembly of multiprotein complex in cytosol, acts with TCF in nucleus
- Ligands: Wnt and Wg
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Term
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Definition
- Transcription factor: Ci activator and Ci fragment repressor
- Mechanism: Disassembly of multiprotein complex in cytosol
- Ligands: Hedgehog
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Term
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Definition
- Transcription factor-NF-kB
- Mechanism: phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-kB in cytosol
- Ligands: TNF alpha and IL-1
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Term
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Definition
- Transcription factor: Notch cytosolic domain
- Mechanism: proteolytic release of Notch cytosolic domain, which acts with nuclear TFs
- Ligands: Delta and Serrate
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Term
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Definition
| Signaling over great distances, hormone secretion into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Shorter distcances between adjacent cells, inflammation response |
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Term
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Definition
| Signaling cell is the same as target cell, TGFB pathway |
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Term
| Signaling by plasma membrane-attached protein |
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Definition
| Direct signaling, cells have to be in contact, cell adhesion molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Epinephrine
Glucagon
ACTH |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Chemical modification
- Allosteric modulation-Calcium, GTP
- Degradation-Ub proteasome dependent pathway
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Term
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Definition
Peptide hormone (pancreas)
Increases blood glucose levels
Increases cAMP
Increases PKA |
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Term
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
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Definition
- genetic defect
- inactive vasopressin receptor-anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
- concentrated urine --> dehydration
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Term
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Definition
| Increase secretion of thyroid hormone from thyroid. Permanent activation of thyrothroph receptor (TSH) |
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Term
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Definition
- targets GPCR that controls water uptake by large intestine
- prevents inactivation of GPCR pathway
- prevents hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
- increase cAMP
- increase secretion of water to lumen of large intestine
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Term
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Definition
| NO donor, reacts with H2O to produce NO |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphodiesterase inhibitor, GTP -->cGMP + PPi |
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