Term
The The polymerization of which cytoskeletal element requires a phosphoanhydride-containing bond
molecule? (“yes” you know what a phosphoanhydride bond is!)
a.Microfilaments
b.Microtubules
c.Intermediate filaments
d.A and B X
e.B and C |
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Definition
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Term
What causes microtubule bending in an intact flagellum?
a.Sarcomeres
b.Actin
c.Dynein
d.Myosin
e.Spectrin |
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Definition
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Term
2. Which cytoskeletal elements are responsible for holding adjacent cells together?
A.Microfilaments
B.Microtubules
C.Intermediate filaments
D.Microvilli |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an Intermediate Filament?
A.Nuclear lamina
B.Kinesin
C.Sarcomere thin filaments
D.Actin filaments
E.Plectin |
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Definition
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Term
5. A patient with skin that is extremely fragile and prone to blistering and rupture most likely:
a.Has a defect in a neurofilament gene
b.Has a defect in a kinesin gene
c.Has a defect in a dynein gene
d.Has a defect in a keratin gene |
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Definition
| d.Has a defect in a keratin gene |
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Term
6. The role of calcium in muscle contraction is
a.To detach myosin heads from actin.
b.To increase the affinity of tropomyosin for actin.
c.To bind to myosin heads, causing them to move and bind with actin.
d.To maintain the structure of the myosin filament.
e.To bind with troponin, exposing myosin binding sites on the actin filament. |
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Definition
| e.To bind with troponin, exposing myosin binding sites on the actin filament. |
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Term
Microfilaments mediate:
a.Structure
b.Contraction
c.Locomotion
d.Cytokinesis
e.All of these |
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Definition
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Term
8. Which statement is true regarding actin
A. They are made of identical subunits that are symmetrical
B. They are made of identical subunits that are asymmetrical
C. They are made of hetero-subunits that are symmetrical
D. None of the above |
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Definition
| B. They are made of identical subunits that are asymmetrical |
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Term
9. The intermediate filaments found in connective tissues are known collectively as
A. Keratins
B. Vimentin
C. Lamins
D. Plectins |
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Definition
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Term
Addition of ATP to isolated dynein microtubules will result in
a.Sliding
b.Bending
c.Flexing
d.Contraction
e.B and D |
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Definition
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Term
The endomembrane system developed as a result from:
A.Ancient cells engulfing a photosynthetic bacterial cell
B.Ancient cells engulfing an ATP-generating bacterial cell
C.Invagination of the plasma membrane
D.B and C |
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Definition
| C.Invagination of the plasma membrane |
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Term
12. You isolate a novel mammalian protein. Upon further investigation into its tertiary structure you
discover this protein contains ten disulfide bonds. This protein most likely:
a.Does not contain a signal sequence
b.Contains an ER signal sequence
c.Contains a peroxisome targeting signal sequence
d.Will be transported into the mitochondria |
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Definition
| b.Contains an ER signal sequence |
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Term
13. After isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the rest of the cytoplasm, you purify the mRNAs
attached to it. Which of the following proteins do you NOT expect these associated mRNAs to encode?
a.Constitutively secreted proteins
b.Regulated secreted proteins
c.ER membrane proteins
d.Mitochondrial membrane proteins
e.Plasma membrane proteins |
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Definition
| d.Mitochondrial membrane proteins |
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Term
Which of the following processes is involved in targeting proteins to organelles?
A. Nuclear pore transport
B. Transport across membranes
C. Vesicle transport
D. All of the above
E. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
15. What are the possible outcomes of cargo in the endosomal compartment?
A. They are recycled
B. They are degraded
C. They go through the process of transcytosis
D. A and C
E. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
16. Disulfide bonding between two cysteine amino acids is the result of what process?
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Peptide bond formation
D. Hydrogen bond formation
LOSE ELECTRONS OXIDATION. (“LEO”). It was right on the slide. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name of the chaperone protein that releases vesicles that are coated with clathrin?
A. Adaptin
B. Clarthin ATPase
C. Dynamin
D. Cargo molecules
E. None of the above |
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Definition
C. Dynamin
Dynamin acts like a coil around the neck of a budding vesicle and serves to “pinch” off the
vesicle. No other protein listed is involved in the process of vesicle release. |
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Term
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Definition
SRPs are in the cytosol where they recognize the signal peptide of the growing polypeptide chain as it is coming
off of the ribosome. SRP binds with the signal sequence AND binds with the SRP receptor (in the membrane of
the ER). |
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Term
What is true of SRPs?
a.They are transmembrane proteins
b.They are cytosolic proteins
c.They bind with two target polypeptides
d.A, B, and C
e.B and C |
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Definition
e.B and C
SRPs are in the cytosol where they recognize the signal peptide of the growing polypeptide chain as it is coming
off of the ribosome. SRP binds with the signal sequence AND binds with the SRP receptor (in the membrane of
the ER). |
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Term
20. Vesicular transport of a regulated secretory protein:
a. Is mediated by t-SNARES and v-SNARES that are always expressed
b.Is mediated by vesicles that originated in the ER
c.Uses clathrin to direct the vesicle to the plasma membrane
d.Uses a specific membrane targeting sequence to direct the secretory protein to the plasmamembrane |
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Definition
| b.Is mediated by vesicles that originated in the ER |
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Term
21. You are working with a protein that normally resides in the cytoplasm. You engineer an ER signal
sequence on the carboxyl terminal (C’) end of the protein. Predict the new location of your genetically
engineered protein (THINK!!!).
a.Plasma membrane
b.ER
c.Cytosol
d.Extracellular fluid |
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Definition
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Term
22. A transmembrane receptor that can bind with its cargo but doesn’t get packaged into a transport
vesicle must not be able to bind with:
a.Clathrin
b.Dynamin
c.Adaptin
d.t-SNARE |
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Definition
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Term
23. Improperly folded secretory proteins:
a.Become trapped in the membrane of the ER
b.Remain bound with chaperone proteins in the ER
c.Can bind with their cargo receptor, but their cargo receptor cannot bind to adaptin
d.Bind directly with clathrin
Are re-routed to the mitochondria |
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Definition
| b.Remain bound with chaperone proteins in the ER |
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Term
24. Transcription factors bind to
A. mRNA (messenger RNA)
B. RNA
C. ssDNA (single stranded DNA)
D. None of the above
E. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
25. Where does transcription occur?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Golgi
D. ER
E. A and B |
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Definition
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Term
26. The covalent attachment of a phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of serine, threonine or tyrosine is
called
A. An Ester bond
B. A phosphoanhydride bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Hydrogen bond
E. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
27. The protein that is responsible for the removal of inorganic phosphate from enzymes is called
A. Kinase
B. Phosphatase
C. Phosphorylase
D. A and C
E. B and C |
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Definition
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Term
28. Which of the following is a class of cell surface receptors
A. Ion channel linked receptors
B. G-protein linked receptors
C. Enzyme linked receptors
D. A and B
E. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
29. GPCRs that signal through Phospholipase C will mediate activation of
a.PKC (protein kinase C)
b.PKA (protein kinase A)
c.cAMP
d.adenylyl cyclase |
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Definition
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Term
30. GPCRs that signal through adenylyl cyclase will mediate activation of
a.GMP
b.DAG
c.PKA (protein kinase A)
d.PKC (protein kinase C) |
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Definition
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Term
You isolate a toxin that alters the activating G subunit by inhibiting its GTP binding ability. This toxin will ultimately result in:
Decreased cAMP production
Increased cAMP production
Increased Adenylylcyclase activation
Increased GTP hydrolysis |
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Definition
| Decreased cAMP production |
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Term
31. You isolate a toxin that alters the activating G subunit by inhibiting its GTP binding ability. This toxin
will ultimately result in:
A. Decreased cAMP production
B. Increased cAMP production
C. Increased Adenylylcyclase activation
D. Increased GTP hydrolysis |
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Definition
| A. Decreased cAMP production |
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Term
32. When Ras is activated:
a.It is bound with GTP
b.It can activate the MAP kinase cascade
c.It is in the active form
d.A B and C
e.A and B |
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Definition
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Term
33. Small hydrophobic ligands
a.Activate receptors on the cell surface
b.Cannot activate signal transduction cascades
c.Bind with nuclear receptors
d.Enter the cell via specialized pores |
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Definition
c.Bind with nuclear receptors
Small HYDROPHOBIC ligands can enter the cell via the plasma membrane. They do not bind with surface
receptors, but they do bind to INTRAcellular receptors (i.e. nuclear receptors). Choice “C” is the best answer. |
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Term
34. Which protein undergoes a conformational change during activation of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)?
a.Gα
b.Effector protein
c.GPCR
d.B and C
e.A B and C |
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Definition
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Term
Adrenaline acts through an activating GPCR (G protein-coupled-receptor) which results in the increased
production of cAMP. What is the effector protein in this GPCR system?
A.Phospholipase C
B.PKA
C.PKC
D.Adenylyl Cylase
E.Phosphodiesterase A |
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Definition
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