Term
a. What is the start codon?
b. What amino acid does the start codon code for? |
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Definition
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Term
a. What is tRNA?
b. What is tRNA's main role in protein synthesis?
c. What causes the 'cloverleaf' shape? |
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Definition
a. transfer RNA
b. Covalently bind an appropriate amino acid and carry it to the site of protein synthesis
c. Intrastrand binding |
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Term
| What are the functions of the loop structures in tRNA? |
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Definition
Loop 1 (left) - needed in order to have recognition by an activating enzyme
Loop 2 (bottom) - contains the anticodon; the way in which the tRNA recognizes the appropriate codon
Loop 3 (right) - needed for the recognition of ribosomes |
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Term
a. What so ribosomes consist of?
b. What are the subunits of a ribosome? |
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Definition
a. RNA and Protein
b. Small subunit (SS) and large subunit (LS) |
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Term
| What is a Svedberg unit (S)? |
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Definition
| A unit of measure that describes the size of a molecule based on its behavior in centrifugal conditions |
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Term
| What role does the small subunit (SS) of the ribosome play in protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| Small subunit (SS) attaches to mRNA and 'scans' the sequence for the AUG start codon |
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Term
| Where are ribosomes located in the cell? |
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Definition
| Either attached to the GER or free-floating in the cytosol (usually in groups). |
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Term
| What are the three types of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes and what type of RNA do they synthesize? |
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Definition
Polymerase I - rRNA (except 5s rRNA)
Polymerase II - mRNA
Polymerase III - tRNA (and 5s rRNA) |
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Term
| How many types of RNA polymerases are there in prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three phases of RNA synthesis? |
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Definition
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination |
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Term
a. What is TAF?
b. What is the role of TAF in RNA synthesis?
c. What phase of RNA synthesis does TAF play a role in? |
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Definition
a. TATA Box-binding protein Associated Factors
b. Binds to the TATA Box binding protein
c. Initiation |
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Term
a. What is TBP?
b. What is the role of TBP in RNA synthesis?
c. What phase of RNA synthesis does TBP play a role in?
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Definition
a. TATA Box Binding Protein
b. Binds with TAF to form TATA Box binding complex
c. Initiation |
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Term
a. What is TBC?
b. What is the role of TBC in RNA synthesis?
c. What phase of RNA synthesis does TBC play a role in?
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Definition
a. TATA Box Binding Complex
b. Binds to the TATA box promoting the binding of RNA Polymerase II to the promoter region
c. Initiation |
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Term
| How does the RNA Polymerase synthesize RNA as it moves along the strand? |
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Definition
| The polymerase binds a ribonucleotide triphosphate, splits off two of the phosphate groups and forms phosphodiester linkage |
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Term
| During the elongation phase of RNA synthesis, the addition of what to the enzyme complex speeds up base addition? |
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Definition
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