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Definition
| Transport of molecules from one location inside the cell to another |
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| Intercellular trafficing also known as |
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Definition
| vesicular trafficking - vesicles move cargo from one place to another |
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Definition
Internalization of molecules from outside the cell
Transport to “appropriate” destination
Normal pathway - early endosome to late endosome to lysosome
Decreasing pH along the pathway is important for protein-protein interactions and enzyme functions |
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Definition
Transport of molecules made inside the cell to the plasma membrane or elsewhere in cell
ER-GOLGI-PM
ER-GOLGI-EE-LE |
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| FEDEX Pak - helps collect materials |
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| Placing the package in your hand |
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| Three steps to vesicular transport |
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Definition
vesicle budding - involved coats
vesicle transport, tethering & docking - rabs
vesicle fusion - SNARES |
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Term
| Donor membrane---> acceptor membrane |
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Definition
| Donor compartment budding, receptor, vesicle, recipient compartment fusions |
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Definition
| - Rabs, tethers, motors and microtubules |
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Definition
Made of 3 large polypeptides and 3 small polypeptides chains
Triskelion
Protein Self-assembles |
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Definition
Forms into basketlike structure called a coated pit
Causes curvature and concentrates cargo |
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Term
| Other proteins play roles in making clathrin-coated vesicles |
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Definition
adaptin binds to clathrin and to membrane
adaptin also binds to transmembrane proteins - helps to get transmembrane proteins into coated pits (Concentrates cargo)
important for packaging of cargo
Different adaptins used in different transport steps (AP1, AP2 and AP3) |
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Term
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Definition
Clathrin (primarily at plasma membrane and some in GOLGI)
COPI coat - ERGIC and GOLGI
COPII coat - ER to ERGIC |
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Term
| Functions of three main coat proteins |
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Definition
formation of vesicle, causes curvature
concentrate cargo |
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Term
| Formation of coat vesticles |
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Definition
| Coat assembly and cargo selection, bud formation, vesicle formation, uncoating. |
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Definition
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| Dynamin subunits, Clathrin lattice, Dynamin ring, GTP hydrolysis or GTPyS. The GTPase is the last important player in vesicle budding from pm. |
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Term
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Definition
Class of proteins
Utilize binding of GTP/GDP - changes in conformation
Binding to GTP turns “on”
Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP turns “off” |
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Definition
| - function from the plasma membrane into cell and from TGN out to other locations |
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Term
| Vesicles bud from the ER and go to the ERGIC |
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Definition
| ERGIC - ER GOLGI Intermediate Comparment |
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Term
| Another name for the ergic can also be called VTC |
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Definition
| which stands for Vesicular Tubular Cluster! |
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Definition
| vesicles bud and go to cisGOLGI |
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Term
Macromolecular complex
Budding |
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Definition
of Sar1;Sec13/31;Sec23/24 make up the COPII coat
from ER to ERGIC |
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Definition
Anterograde transport from ERGIC to cis GOLGI ? Not right
Retrograde transport from TGN back to CGN
CGN back to ERGIC and ER |
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Definition
happens very quickly after budding
requires ATP
in order to have the vesicle fuse with the next membrane compartment, coats are removed |
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Definition
Small GTPases
GTP-bound and GDP-bound forms
Molecular switches
Provide spatial and temporal control of transport |
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Definition
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Term
| GTPase regulatory proteins GAP |
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Definition
| GAP - GTPase activating protein (cleaves phosphate and releases inorganic phosphate leaving the GTPase in GDP-bound form) |
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Term
| GTPase regulatory proteins GEF |
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Definition
| GEF - guanine nucleotide exchange factor (releases GDP) from GTPase allowing GTP to bind |
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Definition
in cytosol
Switch between GTP and GDP provides temporal specificity |
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Definition
| alters structure and function of GTPases |
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| Changes in switch regions I and II |
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Definition
| change the binding of GTPase to effector proteins |
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Definition
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Definition
| tethering molecules image |
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Term
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Definition
C-terminal end of the protein has a lipid modification
Insertion into membrane dependent on nucleotide binding state
GDP bound form has the lipid tucked into the protein
GTP bound form has the lipid exposed so that it can insert in the membrane |
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Definition
| spatial control for intracellular trafficking |
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Specific Rabs function
Over 60 Rabs have been identified in |
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Definition
| at specific locations in the cell, the human genome |
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| Functions of Rab proteins basics |
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Definition
Molecular switch provides specificity for recruitment of effector proteins - tethering molecules (temporal)
Different Rabs recruit different tethering molecules |
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Definition
Switch also changes from cytosolic to membrane-bound localization - lipid modification (spatial)
Provide spatial specificity by localization to particular intracellular membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Coiled-coil proteins
Bind in a 1:3 ratio of coils
v-SNARE and t-SNARE
R-SNARE and Q-SNARE |
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Term
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Definition
bind with many different SNARES in vitro
however, spatial restrictions in vivo (where each SNARE resides) provides specificity |
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Term
| Mechanism of snare fusion |
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Definition
Binding of coiled coils
Zippering
Fusion |
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| Distinct membranes contain |
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Definition
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| Formation of specific trans-snare complexes lead to |
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Definition
Close apposition of membranes
Dehydration of apposed leaflets
Perturbation of lipid structures in the membranes |
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Term
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Definition
to Reset the complex
√ must dissociate the cis-SNARE complex for additional rounds of fusion
√ requires several proteins and energy (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) and ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
Docking
Zippering
Membrane fusion
Cis-SNARE complex must be dissociated to regenerate trans-SNARE proteins |
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