Term
Describe the general composition of the
cell membrane
and what it does
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Definition
-regulates the exchange of substances with the environment
-area for recognition and response to external envirnment (including many drugs)
-has physical barrier to the extracellular components
has the following regions: hydrophilic and
hydrophobic/ lipophilic
-aqueous interior |
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Term
| Major functions of membrane proteins |
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Definition
-some are allowed to move around in the phospholipid bilayer
-otheres are attached to cytoskeleton and unable to move
- there functions are to transport (channels or carriers) need protein to get thru channnel |
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Term
Origins of prostaglandis, thromboxanes, and luekotrienes
and how they are affected by aspirin and ibuprofen |
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Definition
Enzyme breaks bond releasing fatty acid which can be converted to many bioactive molecules (prostatglandis, thromboxanes, etc).
Aspirin and ibuprofen decrease their production by decreasing there synthesis and alergic response |
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Term
Describe the four mechanisms by which solutes can enter cells, the type of solutes that are transported by
each and whether they are energy dependent or independent. |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the different types of epithelial cells (their major characteristics, common places they are found)
and the different types of connective tissue. |
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Definition
-Epithelia: protects internal environment and regulates its exchange with external environment (ie bladder, air, etc)
• Connective provides structural support and helps defend body from foreign invaders
• Muscle
• Neural
There are 5 types of epithelia cells:
# of cell layers Where to find them
exchange 1 blood vessels
transporting 1 GI tract, Kidneys
ciliated 1Lungs, airways,ovaries, fem. reproduction
protective many skin
secretory 1 to many protein synthesis, lipids sweat glands |
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Term
| Define totipotent, pleuripotent and multipotent stem cells. |
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Definition
- totipotent- stem cells – The zygote and the first ~ 4 cells produced by its cleavage can differentiate into any type of specialized cell found in the adult body and the extraembryonic membranes. VERY IMMATURE CAN BECOME PLACENTA
Pleuripotent stem cells can differentiate into most cell types in the body. Isolated from embryonic and fetal
tissue. CONTROVERIAL HAVE TO DEFFERIEVED FROM EMBRYO
Multipotent stem cells- remain after birth and can differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Example
bone marrow stem cells can give rise to all the blood cells but not other types.
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Term
| Types of Connective Tissue |
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Definition
Main cell types
Loose Connective tissue fibroblast
(organs)
Dense, irregular connective tissue fibroblast
(muscles)
Dense, regular connective tissue fibroblast
(tendons/ligaments)
adipose Brown/white fat
blood blood cells
cartilage chondroblast
bone osteoblast and osteoclast |
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Term
Explain the difference between homeostasis and equilibrium, and why we are in a state of electrical and
chemical disequilibrium. |
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Definition
Homeostasis- the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment (TEMPERATURE, pH)
Equilibrium- a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces
Chemical disequilibrium- solute concentrations in the different compartments differ
Electrical disequilibrium - electrical charge of different compartments differs
(we will never be in chemical and electrical eq because each part of our body has a diff eq. ie stomach and heart)
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