Term
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Definition
| splicing of RNA transcripts from the same gene in different ways, each of which produces a distinct protein. |
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Term
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| Enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule to form an aminoaccyl-tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of three nucleotides in a transfer RNA molecule that is complementary to the three nucleotide codon on a messenger RNA molecule; each anticodon is matched to a specific amino acid covalently attached elsewhere on the transfer RNA molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA or messenger RNA molecule that represents the instruction for incorporation of a specific amino acid into a growing polypeptide chain. |
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Definition
| Segment of a eucaryotic gene that is transcribed into RNA and expressed; dictates the amino acid sequence of part of a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a gene makes its effect on an cell or organism by directing the synthesis of a protein or an RNA molecule with a characteristic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| set of rules specifying the correspondence between nucleotide triplets (codons) in DNA or RNA and amino acids in proteins. |
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Term
| general transcription factors |
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Definition
| Proteins that assemble on the promoters of many eucaryotic genes near the start site of transcription and load the RNA polymerase in the correct position |
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Term
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Definition
| Special tRNA that initiates translation. it always carries the amino acid methionine |
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Term
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Definition
| Noncoding region of a eucaryotic gene that is transcribed into an RNA molecule but is then excised by RNA splicing to produce mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein. produced by RNA splicing (in eucaryotes) from a larger RNA molecule made by RNA polymerase as a complementary copy of DNA. it is translated into protein in a process catalyzed by ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleotide sequence in DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme such as trypsin that degrades proteins by hydrolyzing some of their peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| large protein complex in the cytosol that is responsible for degrading cytosolic proteins that have been marked for destruction by ubiquitylation or by some other means. |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of successive triplets in which a string of nucleotides is translated into protein. an mRNA molecule is read in one of three possible reading frames, depending on the starting point. |
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Term
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Definition
| any one of a number of specific RNA molecules that form part of the structure of a ribosome and participate in the synthesis of proteins. often distinguished by their sedimentation coefficient, such as 28S rRNA or 5S rRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| particle composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins that associates with messenger RNA and catalyzes the synthesis of protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| an RNA molecule possessing catalytic properties |
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Term
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Definition
| A single stranded polynucletide in the form of a chain of covalently linked ribonucleotide subunits. it is synthesized when an RNA polymerase copies the nucleotide sequence of DNA. RNA serves a variety of functions in cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA molecule on a DNA template from nucleoside triphosphate precursors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad term for the modifications that an RNA undergoes as it reaches its mature form. for a eucaryotic mRNA, processing typically includes capping, splicing, and polyadenylation |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which intron sequences are excised from RNA molecules in the nucleus during the formation of messenger RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| large assembly of RNA and protein molecules that splices introns out of pre-mRNA in eucaryotic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process that uses one strand of DNA as the template to synthesize a complementary RNA sequence, sometimes termed the primary transcript, catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of small RNA molecules used in protein synthesis as an interface (adaptor) between mRNA and amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule directs the incorporation of amino acids into protein; occurs on a ribosome. |
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Term
| translation initiation factor |
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Definition
| protein that promotes the proper association of ribosomes with mRNA and is required for the initiation of protein synthesis. |
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