Term
| What are the three types of First Hop Redundancy Protocols? |
|
Definition
-HSRP, Hot Standby Router Protocol
-VRRP, Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
-GLBP, Gateway Load Balancing Protocol |
|
|
Term
| What First Hop Redundancy Protocols are Cisco Proprietary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three states that a Switch running HSRP can end up in? |
|
Definition
| Active, Standby, and Listen. |
|
|
Term
| What is the number range that can be assigned to HSRP groups? |
|
Definition
| 0-255, but most switches only support up to 16. |
|
|
Term
| Can HSRP groups with the same group-id exist on the same VLAN? How about different VLANs? |
|
Definition
| HSRP groups must be unique WITHIN a VLAN. Different VLANS can use the same group-ids without any problems. |
|
|
Term
| What is the range for an HSRP Priority value, what is the default, and what values are better? |
|
Definition
| 0-255, default is 100, and higher values are better. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if two switches have the same HSRP priority values within a group? |
|
Definition
| The switch with the highest IP address takes over the active state. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 HSRP negotiating states? |
|
Definition
1. Disabled
2. Init
3. Listen
4. Speak
5. Standby
6. Active |
|
|
Term
| What is the default hello and hold-down timers for HSRP and what are the ranges for these values? |
|
Definition
| The default hello is 3 seconds, and the default hold-down is 10 seconds. The hello timer can range from 1-254 seconds or 15-999 milliseconds, and the hold-down timer can range from 1-255 seconds or 50-3000 milliseconds. |
|
|
Term
| Will changes on a single switch's HSRP timers affect other HSRP switches in the same group? |
|
Definition
| No, times must be configured on each switch manually! |
|
|
Term
| What command allows an HSRP switch to immediately take over the active role, and in what ways can you delay this process? |
|
Definition
| The Preempt command, and you can give a minimum delay of 0-3600 seconds, or the reload delay of 0-3600 seconds. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three ways that HSRP can authenticate message exchanges? |
|
Definition
-Plain-text authentication strings
-MD5 key-strings
-MD5 key-chains |
|
|
Term
| What is the default key-string used with HSRP devices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the track command do in HSRP and what is the default value of this action? |
|
Definition
| It monitors another interface, and if that interface should fail, it will decrease the HSRP group priority value by a default of 10. |
|
|
Term
| What two conditions MUST be met for another switch to take over the active role in HSRP? |
|
Definition
-The switch must have a higher HSRP priority.
-The switch must use the preempt command. |
|
|
Term
| Why is no subnet given when assigning a standby address? |
|
Definition
| -Because the standby address must belong to the same IP subnet as the primary address. |
|
|
Term
| What is the default MAC address for HSRP gateways? |
|
Definition
| 0000.0c07.acXX where XX represents the hex value of the HSRP group-id. |
|
|
Term
| What is the command to view HSRP information on a device? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two device states in VRRP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the range and default value of the VRRP priority? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MAC address for VRRP interfaces? |
|
Definition
| 0000.5e00.01XX Where XX is the hex value of the VRRP group-id. |
|
|
Term
| What is the hello timer in VRRP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Preempt work on VRRP? |
|
Definition
| All VRRP devices are configured to automatically preempt if they have a higher priority. |
|
|
Term
| Can you track another interface in VRRP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the command to show VRRP information on a device? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In GLBP devices use the same ___ address, but have different _____ addresses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a GLBP group, how does a device get elected as the AVG? And what is an AVG? |
|
Definition
| The device must have the highest priority value, or the highest IP address in the event of a tie. AVG = Active Virtual Gateway. |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the AVG in GLBP? |
|
Definition
| The AVG responds to ARP requests from clients to their default gateway with a unique MAC response in order to load balance across the network. |
|
|
Term
| How many virtual MAC addresses can be used in a GLBP group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In GLBP, what are devices that have one of the 4 virtual MAC addresses called? |
|
Definition
| AVF - Active Virtual Forwarders. |
|
|
Term
| What are the ranges and default values of GLBP group numbers and device priorities? |
|
Definition
| Group numbers range from 0-1023, and priorities range from 0-255 with 100 being the default. Higher is better. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the default hello and hold-down timers with GLBP, and their ranges? |
|
Definition
-Hello timer default is 3 seconds, and ranges from 1-60 seconds or 50-60000 milliseconds.
-Hold-down defaults to 10 seconds, and ranges from 1-180 seconds or 150-180000 milliseconds. |
|
|
Term
| In GLBP, what happened to timer value changes when placed on the AVG? |
|
Definition
| They will propagate to all other devices in the GLBP Group. |
|
|
Term
| What is the default GLBP MAC address scheme? |
|
Definition
| 0007.b4xx.xxyy where xx.xx is the hex group-id and yy is the AVF number. |
|
|
Term
| In GLBP what is used to determine if a device will become the AVF for a group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the weight range and default value in GLBP? |
|
Definition
| 1-254, and defaults to 100. |
|
|
Term
| Can you track interfaces with GLBP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three load-balancing methods used by GLBP and what is the default method? |
|
Definition
| Round-robin (default!), Weighted, and Host Dependent. |
|
|
Term
| Where must you explicitly configure the IP address on an GLBP group? |
|
Definition
| On the device you want to be the AVG. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three redundancy modes used on Catalyst switches with more than one supervisor? |
|
Definition
-RPR(Route Processor Redundancy ->Cold standby)
-RPR+(Route Processor Redundancy+ ->Warm standby)
-SSO(Stateful Switch Over ->Hot standby) |
|
|
Term
| What are the fail-over times for the following redundancy modes: RPR, RPR+, SSO? |
|
Definition
-RPR >2minutes
-RPR+ >30seconds
-SSO >1second |
|
|
Term
| When it comes to switch redundancy, what is NSF? |
|
Definition
| Non-Stop Forwarding. It is a method that focuses on rebuilding the Routing Information Base after a supervisor switch-over. |
|
|
Term
| What routing protocols are supported by NSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
