Term
| What substances are used to stop convusions? |
|
Definition
| -Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, and Methocarbamol |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for strychnine toxicity? Drawbacks? |
|
Definition
-Pentobarbital
-very expensive |
|
|
Term
| Why would we consider administering activated charcoal in a seizure case? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which mode is Strychnine usually found in a toxicity case? What is it actually used for? |
|
Definition
-gopher bait
-used against rats and coyotes |
|
|
Term
| What does Strychnine usually look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ADME stand for? |
|
Definition
| -Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion |
|
|
Term
| Where is Strychnine metabolized? Excreted? Where is it found in highest concentrations? |
|
Definition
-met in liver
-excreted in urine
-in highest concentrations in blood, liver, and kidneys but at death in stomach due to lack of vomiting |
|
|
Term
| Describe the MOA of Strychnine. |
|
Definition
| -competes with glycine thus blocking the inhibitory action of Renshaw cells |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen with Strychnine toxicity? Time of onset? |
|
Definition
-anxiety (erect ears, raised eyebrows, hyper-alert, over rxn to external stimuli), no vomiting, stiffness, tetanic seizures, EXTENSOR RIGIDITY
-onset in 10-120 MINS |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we diagnose Strychnine toxicity? |
|
Definition
-blue green milo in stomach contents
-toxilab on urine |
|
|
Term
| HOw do we treat Strychnine toxicity before the onset of convulsions? AFter? |
|
Definition
-before = emetic
-after = pentobarbital and activated charcoal |
|
|
Term
| What organism causes tetanus toxicity? Describe it. |
|
Definition
-Clostridium tetani
-gram positive spore-forming bacillus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the time of onset of clinical signs due to tetanus. HOw is it usually introduced? |
|
Definition
-1-3 WEEKS
-horse = puncture wounds. CAttle = retaoned placentas, Calves/lambs = banding |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of tetanus? |
|
Definition
| -blocks inhibitory synaptic input at glycine-mediated sites and thus blocks the release of glycine |
|
|
Term
| How do animals die from tetanus toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species are most to least susceptible to tetanus toxicity? |
|
Definition
| -horses > sheep > cattle > pigs > dogs > cats > poultry |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of tetanus toxicity? |
|
Definition
-tonic contractions of muscles without tweitching
-sawhorse stance
-protrusion and flicking of third eyelid
-rigidity of mm
-sardonic grin
-lockjaw
-pump-handle tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -penicillin + antitoxin + toxoid |
|
|
Term
| HOw do animals come into contact with Metaldehyde? |
|
Definition
| -used in snail bait and dogs love it |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of Metaldehyde toxicity? |
|
Definition
| -continuous convulsions + vomiting + not reactive to external stimuli |
|
|
Term
| What is the best method of treating Metaldehdye toxicity? |
|
Definition
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